2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N2434R
    [10]-Shogaol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    -Shogaol (Standard) is the analytical standard of -Shogaol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. -Shogaol is an antioxidant from Zingiber officinale for human skin cell growth and a migration enhancer. -Shogaol inhibits COX-2 with an IC50 of 7.5 μM and has antiproliferation activity.
    [10]-Shogaol (Standard)
  • HY-159169
    5-LOX/sEH-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    5-LOX/sEH-IN-1 (Compound 8o) is a dual 5-LOX/sEH-IN-1 inhibitor with cardioprotective effects, exhibiting IC50 values of 3.05 μM and 2.20 nM respectively, and 5-LOX/sEH-IN-1 can also inhibit the activity of COX-2 (IC50=10.50 μM). 5-LOX/sEH-IN-1 has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, while reducing ulcer pathogenicity, and can be used to develop anti-inflammatory agents with fewer gastrointestinal and cardiovascular side effects.
    5-LOX/sEH-IN-1
  • HY-B1452S1
    Licofelone-d6
    Licofelone-d6 is the deuterium labeled Licofelone[1]. Licofelone (ML-3000) is a dual COX/5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitor (IC50=0.21/0.18 μM, respectively) for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Licofelone exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects. Licofelone induces apoptosis, and decreases the production of proinflammatory leukotrienes and prostaglandins[2][3][4].
    Licofelone-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-B0574S2
    Mefenamic acid-13C6
    		Inhibitor
    Mefenamic acid-13C6 is the 13C-labeled Mefenamic acid. Mefenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, acting as a competitive inhibitor of hCOX-1 and hCOX-2, with IC50s of 40 nM and 3 μM for hCOX-1 and hCOX-2, respectively.
    Mefenamic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-161266
    COX-2/NLRP3-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2/NLRP3-IN-1 (Compound 6k) is a COX-2/NLRP3 inhibitor with a IC50 of 1.53 μM for COX-2. COX-2/NLRP3-IN-1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
    COX-2/NLRP3-IN-1
  • HY-N0569R
    Madecassic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Madecassic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Madecassic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Madecassic acid is isolated from Centella asiatica (Umbelliferae). Madecassic acid has anti-inflammatory properties caused by iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 inhibition via the downregulation of NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
    Madecassic acid (Standard)
  • HY-163509
    COX-2-IN-43
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-43 (Compound MYM4) is a COX-2 inhibitor (IC50: 0.983 and 0.247 μM for COX-1 and COX-2 respectively). COX-2-IN-43 inhibits cancer cell proliferation and colonization, induces apoptosis.
    COX-2-IN-43
  • HY-N5015R
    Rosmanol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Rosmanol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rosmanol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rosmanol could inhibit the oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LPL) and significantly inhibit lipopolysaccharide induced iNOS and COX-2 expression, with anti-inflammatory effect.
    Rosmanol (Standard)
  • HY-N8480
    Atractylochromene
    		Inhibitor
    Atractylochromene is a potent dual inhibitor of 5-LOX/COX-1 with IC50s of 0.6 and 3.3 μM, respectively.
    Atractylochromene
  • HY-155031
    MCI
    		Inhibitor
    MCI alleviates inflammation by macrophage reprogramming via targeting ROS scavenging and COX-2 downregulation. MCI inhibits COX-2 with an IC50 value of 1.23 μM. MCI has significant anti-inflammatory effects in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) models. MCI can be used in research for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
    MCI
  • HY-151173
    XO/COX/LOX-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    XO/COX/LOX-IN-1 (compound 7i) is a potent xanthine oxidase/cyclooxygenases/lipoxygenases (XO/COX/LOX) inhibitor. XO/COX/LOX-IN-1 can be used in studies of inflammation, cancer and metabolic diseases.
    XO/COX/LOX-IN-1
  • HY-N11624
    Axinelline A
    		Inhibitor
    Axinelline A is a potent COX inhibitor with IC50s of 2.22 μM and 8.89 μM against COX-2 and COX-1, respectively. Axinelline A shows anti-inflammatory activity.
    Axinelline A
  • HY-A0273S
    Propyphenazone-d3
    		Inhibitor ≥99.0%
    Propyphenazone-d3 is the deuterium labeled Propyphenazone. Propyphenazone is a pyrazolone derivative with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity, Propyphenazone-based analogues as proagents and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors.
    Propyphenazone-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-14397G
    Indomethacin (GMP)
    		Inhibitor
    Indomethacin (GMP) is Indomethacin (HY-14397) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules work appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Indomethacin (Indometacin) is a potent, orally active COX1/2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 18 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Indomethacin has anticancer activity and anti-infective activity. Indomethacin can be used for cancer, inflammation and viral infection research.
    Indomethacin (GMP)
  • HY-B1890R
    (±)-Catechin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    (±)-Catechin (Standard) is the analytical standard of (±)-Catechin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (±)-Catechin (rel-Cianidanol) is the racemate of the green tea polyphenol Catechin. Catechin has anticancer activity and induces apoptosis. (±)-Catechin has two forms, (+)-Catechin and its enantiomer (-)-Catechin. (+)-Catechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. (-)-Catechin can effectively promote hBM-MSC adipocyte differentiation and increase adiponectin and PPARγ levels. (±)-Catechin has anti-tumor, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-cardiovascular, anti-infectious, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective effects.
    (±)-Catechin (Standard)
  • HY-150550
    COX-2-IN-26
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-26 is a potent, selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 10.61, 0.067, 1.96 µM for COX-1, COX-2, 15-LOX, respectively. COX-2-IN-26 shows anti-inflammatory activity. COX-2-IN-26 shows gastrointestinal safety profile.
    COX-2-IN-26
  • HY-155997
    Anti-inflammatory agent 56
    		Inhibitor
    Anti-inflammatory agent 56 (Compound 9) is a selective COX-2 inhibitor (IC50: 0.54 μM). Anti-inflammatory agent 56 has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Anti-inflammatory agent 56 inhibits oxidative stress induced cell death. Anti-inflammatory agent 56 inhibits oxidative stress and neuroinflammation by inhibiting Keap1, COX-2 and iNOS. Anti-inflammatory agent 56 has low acute toxicity in mice (LD50: 1000 mg/kg).
    Anti-inflammatory agent 56
  • HY-N1380S3
    Guaiacol-d4
    Guaiacol-d4 is the deuterium labeled Guaiacol[1]. Guaiacol, a phenolic compound, inhibits LPS-stimulated COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation[1]. Anti-inflammatory activity[2].
    Guaiacol-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-135731A
    4-Methylamino antipyrine hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    4-Methylamino antipyrine hydrochloride is an active metabolite of Metamizole. Metamizole is a pyrazolone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and inhibits COX. Metamizole is an nonopioid analgesic agent and can be used for pain and fever. 4-Methylamino antipyrine hydrochloride has analgesic, antipyretic, and relatively weak antiinflammatory properties.
    4-Methylamino antipyrine hydrochloride
  • HY-105028S
    Tenidap-d3
    		Inhibitor
    Tenidap-d3 is the deuterium labeled Tenidap. Tenidap, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is a selective COX-1 inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.03 μM and 1.2 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Tenidap has anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic properties[1][2]. Tenidap is also a specific SLC26A3 inhibitor[3].
    Tenidap-d<sub>3</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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