2. Signaling Pathways
  3. GPCR/G Protein
  4. Arrestin

Arrestin

Arrestin is a key protein that regulates G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. Upon ligand activation, GPCRs undergo C-terminal phosphorylation by specific kinases (such as GRK, G protein-coupled receptor kinase), which recruits Arrestin, thereby preventing further coupling between GPCRs and G proteins while triggering receptor internalization and downstream signal transduction. Arrestin plays a crucial role in signal transduction, receptor desensitization and endocytosis, as well as multiprotein signaling complex assembly.
Arrestin is mainly classified into four types: Visual Arrestin (Arrestin-1), Cone Arrestin (Arrestin-4), β-Arrestin 1 (Arrestin-2), and β-Arrestin 2 (Arrestin-3). Among them, Arrestin-1 and Arrestin-4 are primarily involved in retinal phototransduction, whereas β-Arrestin 1 and β-Arrestin 2 are widely expressed in multiple tissues, regulating most GPCR-related signaling pathways. Structurally, Arrestin consists of N-terminal and C-terminal β-strand domains, stabilized by a polar core, and undergoes conformational changes upon receptor binding, thereby initiating signal transmission.
In the nervous system, Arrestin regulates dopamine receptor (e.g., D2 receptor) signaling, affecting Parkinson’s disease and Schizophrenia. In cancer, Arrestin integrates ERK, JNK, and Akt signaling pathways to regulate tumor cell growth and migration, for example, β-Arrestin 2-mediated GPCR signaling promotes cancer cell survival and drug resistance. Additionally, Arrestin is involved in inflammatory responses and immune regulation, playing important roles in diabetes, asthma, and inflammatory diseases[1][2].

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-119706
    Barbadin
    		Inhibitor 98.93%
    Barbadin is a novel and selective β-arrestin/β2-adaptin interaction inhibitor, has IC50 values of 19.1 μM for β-arrestin1 and 15.6 μM for β-arrestin2. Barbadin blocks agonist-promoted endocytosis of the prototypical β2-adrenergic, V2-vasopressin and angiotensin-II type-1 receptors. Barbadin can induce apoptosis.
    Barbadin
  • HY-103254
    ML221
    		Inhibitor 99.55%
    ML221 is a potent apelin (APJ) functional antagonist, inhibiting apelin-13-mediated activation of APJ, with IC50s of 0.70 μM in the cAMP assay, and 1.75 μM in the β-arrestin assay, and EC80 of 10 nM in both assays.
    ML221
  • HY-142114
    SRI-37330
    		Inhibitor 99.16%
    SRI-37330 is an orally bioavailable thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) inhibitor. SRI-37330 inhibits glucagon secretion and function, reduces hepatic glucose production and reverses hepatic steatosis. SRI-37330 can be used for type 2 diabetes research.
    SRI-37330
  • HY-141623
    SRI-37330 hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.72%
    SRI-37330 hydrochloride is an orally bioavailable thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) inhibitor. SRI-37330 hydrochloride inhibits glucagon secretion and function, reduces hepatic glucose production and reverses hepatic steatosis. SRI-37330 hydrochloride can be used for type 2 diabetes research.
    SRI-37330 hydrochloride
  • HY-122197
    ML339
    		Antagonist 99.88%
    ML339 is a selective CXCR6 antagonist with an IC50 of 140 nM. ML339 antagonizes β-arrestin recruitment and cAMP signaling pathway of human CXCR6 receptor induced by CXCL16, with IC50 of 0.3 μM and 1.4 μM, respectively. ML339 shows weaker activity against the recruitment of β-arrestin in mouse CXCR6 receptors, with an IC50 of 18 μM. ML339 has no inhibitory effect on CXCR5，CXCR4，CXCR6 and apelin receptor (APJ), with IC50 >79 μM. ML339 has the potential to promote the development of prostate cancer research.
    ML339
  • HY-W018158
    DHICA
    DHICA (5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid) is an intermediate in melanin synthesis and a component of true black pigment, and it’s also a moderately potent GPR35 agonist. DHICA shows an ability to stimulate β-arrestin translocation signaling with an EC50 value of 23.2 μM in the U2OS cell line. DHICA plays a significant role in promoting and protecting against DNA damage.
    DHICA
  • HY-115688
    TXNIP-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 99.15%
    TXNIP-IN-1 is TXNIP-TRX (thioredoxin-interacting protein- thioredoxin) complex inhibitor extracted from patent US20200085800A1, Compound 1. TXNIP-IN-1 can be used in the research of TXNIP-TRX complex associated metabolic disorder (diabetes), cardiovascular disease, or inflammatory disease.
    TXNIP-IN-1
  • HY-117295A
    7-Fluorotryptamine hydrochloride
    		98.86%
    7-Fluorotryptamine hydrochloride is a potent agonist of GPRC5A. 7-Fluorotryptamine hydrochloride induces GPRC5A-mediated β-arrestin recruitment. 7-Fluorotryptamine hydrochloride can be used for research of immune and cancer signaling.
    7-Fluorotryptamine hydrochloride
  • HY-108742A
    Abaloparatide TFA
    		Activator 99.86%
    Abaloparatide TFA (BA 058 TFA) is a parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1) analogue. Abaloparatide TFA also is a selective PTHR1 activator. Abaloparatide TFA enhances Gs/cAMP signaling and β-arrestin recruitment. Abaloparatide TFA enhances bone formation and cortical structure in mice. Abaloparatide TFA has the potential for the research of osteoporosis.
    Abaloparatide TFA
  • HY-153800
    Monlunabant
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    Monlunabant ((S)-MRI-1891) is an orally active antagonist for cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), binds to hCB1 and hCB2 with Ki of 0.3 nM and 613 nM.
    Monlunabant
  • HY-108742
    Abaloparatide
    		Activator 99.94%
    Abaloparatide (BA 058) is a parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1) analog. Abaloparatide also is a selective PTHR1 activator. Abaloparatide enhances Gs/cAMP signaling and β-arrestin recruitment. Abaloparatide enhances bone formation and cortical structure in mice. Abaloparatide has the potential for the research of osteoporosis.
    Abaloparatide
  • HY-P2141
    TRV-120027
    		Agonist 98.11%
    TRV120027, a β-arrestin-1-biased agonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), engages ?-arrestins while blocking G-protein signaling. TRV120027?induces?acute?catecholamine?secretion?through cation channel subfamily C3 (TRPC3) coupling, promotes the formation of a macromolecular complex composed of AT1R–β-arrestin-1–TRPC3–PLCγ at the plasma membrane. TRV120027 inhibits angiotensin II–mediated vasoconstriction and increases cardiomyocyte contractility. TRV120027 has the potential for the?acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) treatment.
    TRV-120027
  • HY-P1682A
    Balixafortide TFA
    		Inhibitor 99.78%
    Balixafortide TFA (POL6326 TFA) is a potent, selective, well-tolerated peptidic CXCR4 antagonist with an IC50 < 10 nM. Balixafortide TFA shows 1000-fold selective for CXCR4 than a large panel of receptors including CXCR7. Balixafortide TFA blocks β-arrestin recruitment and calcium flux with IC50s < 10 nM. Balixafortide TFA is also a potent hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilizing agent. Anti-cancer effects.
    Balixafortide TFA
  • HY-P2106
    Elabela(19-32)
    		Activator 99.64%
    Elabela(19-32) is an active fragment of ELABELA (ELA) that binds to apelin receptor (APJ). Elabela(19-32) activates the Gαi1 and β-arrestin-2 signaling pathways with EC50s of 8.6 nM and 166 nM. Elabela(19-32) induces receptor internalization and reduces arterial pressure, exerts positive inotropic effects on the heart.
    Elabela(19-32)
  • HY-P2141A
    TRV-120027 TFA
    		Agonist 99.69%
    TRV120027 TFA, a β-arrestin-1-biased agonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), engages ?-arrestins while blocking G-protein signaling. TRV120027?TFA induces?acute?catecholamine?secretion?through cation channel subfamily C3 (TRPC3) coupling, promotes the formation of a macromolecular complex composed of AT1R–β-arrestin-1–TRPC3–PLCγ at the plasma membrane. TRV120027 TFA inhibits angiotensin II–mediated vasoconstriction and increases cardiomyocyte contractility. TRV120027 TFA has the potential for the?acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) treatment.
    TRV-120027 TFA
  • HY-111385
    UNC9994 hydrochloride
    		Agonist 98.83%
    UNC9994 hydrochloride is a functionally selective, β-arrestin–biased dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) agonist that selectively activates β-arrestin recruitment and signaling. UNC9994 hydrochloride shows a binding affinity with a Ki of 79 nM for D2R. UNC9994 hydrochloride is also an antagonist of Gi-regulated cAMP production and partial agonist for D2R/β-arrestin-2 interactions. UNC9994 hydrochloride shows antipsychotic-like activity.
    UNC9994 hydrochloride
  • HY-P2106A
    Elabela(19-32) TFA
    		Activator 98.78%
    Elabela(19-32) TFA is an active fragment of ELABELA (ELA) that binds to apelin receptor (APJ). Elabela(19-32) TFA activates the Gαi1 and β-arrestin-2 signaling pathways with EC50s of 8.6 nM and 166 nM. Elabela(19-32) TFA induces receptor internalization and reduces arterial pressure, exerts positive inotropic effects on the heart.
    Elabela(19-32) TFA
  • HY-119486A
    (Rac)-Tavapadon
    		Agonist 99.87%
    (Rac)-Tavapadon ((Rac)-PF-06649751) is a potent and selective noncatechol dopamine D1 receptor agonist. (Rac)-Tavapadon displays potent full agonism in the GS activation assay as well as partial agonism in the β-arrestin2 recruitment assay (GS-cAMP, EC50=0.8 nM; β-arrestin2, EC50=68 nM). (Rac)-Tavapadon has antiparkinsonian activity.
    (Rac)-Tavapadon
  • HY-123813
    CCX-777
    		Agonist 98.73%
    CCX-777 is a partial agonist of β-arrestin-2 recruitment to ACKR3 (atypical chemokine receptor 3).
    CCX-777
  • HY-P2249
    ELA-21 (human)
    		Activator 98.92%
    ELA-21 (human) is an apelin receptor agonist with a pKi of 8.52. ELA-21 (human) completely inhibits Forskolin-induced cAMP production and stimulates β-arrestin recruitment with subnanomolar potencies. ELA-21 (human) is an agonist in G-protein-dependent and -independent pathways.
    ELA-21 (human)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity