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Hormones mediate changes in target cells by binding to specific hormone receptors. Peptide hormones are small, processed, and secreted peptides or protein that signal via membrane receptors and play critical roles in normal and pathological physiology. Peptide hormones are short peptides (<100 amino acids) produced by the proteolytic cleavage of pre-pro-hormone precursors. Mature peptides pass through the secretory pathway and are released into the extracellular space, where they can bind to specific cell surface receptors and modulate cellular functions. Most peptide hormones modulate intracellular signaling pathways and regulate cellular homeostasis by binding to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Neuropeptides are diverse neuron-secreted peptides with neuromodulatory, neurotransmitter, or hormonal functions. Most neuropeptides signal via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), with a few exceptions. Neuropeptides play a variety of roles in many physiological processes and serve as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of some nervous-system disorders. Both neuropeptide and peptide hormones are synthesized, modified, and degraded by the same sets of enzymes. Furthermore, both can act nearby as autocrine and paracrine agents and at a distance as endocrine agents. The only distinction between neuropeptides and peptide hormones is that a neuropeptide is synthesized and used by a neuron. Indeed, nearly all neuropeptides are also found as peptide hormones and vice/versa. It is important to keep in mind that neuropeptides are not just in the nervous system – they act both in and out of the CNS.
TMSB4X proteins play a critical role in cytoskeletal organization, influencing actin dynamics by binding and sequestering actin monomers. As a potent inhibitor of actin polymerization, it affects the cytoskeleton. Thymosin beta 4 Protein, Human is the recombinant human-derived Thymosin beta 4 protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free. The total length of Thymosin beta 4 Protein, Human is 43 a.a., with molecular weight of ~4.9 kDa.
GH Protein, Human (CHO) is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration, which can be used for the treatment of growth disorders in children.
Adiponectin/Acrp30 Protein, Human (CHO) could increase cell sensitivity to insulin and can be used as a potential protein for treating diabetic tendinopathy
Adiponectin/Acrp30 Protein, Human (HEK293) could increase cell sensitivity to insulin and can be used as a potential protein for treating diabetic tendinopathy.
Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5; Fibronectin type III repeat-containing protein 2; Irisin; FNDC5
Human
HEK293
Irisin is a hormone derived from the fibronectin type III domain-containing (FNDC5) gene that can promote energy expenditure via thermogenesis. Irisin Protein, Human/Mouse/Rat (HEK293, His) is a Irisin protein labeled with a His-flag.
Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5; Fibronectin type III repeat-containing protein 2; Irisin; FNDC5
Human
HEK293
Irisin is a hormone derived from the FNDC5 gene that promotes energy expenditure via thermogenesis. Irisin Protein, Human/Mouse/Rat (HEK293, Fc) is the recombinant human-derived Irisin protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-hFc labeled tag. The total length of Irisin Protein, Human/Mouse/Rat (HEK293, Fc) is 112 a.a., with molecular weight of 45-60 kDa.
Adiponectin/Acrp30 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) could increase cell sensitivity to insulin and can be used as a potential protein for treating diabetic tendinopathy.
Adiponectin/Acrp30 Protein, Mouse (144a.a) is an adipose-derived hormone, plays an important role in
regulating energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity.
Adiponectin/Acrp30 Protein, Mouse (227a.a) suppresses endothelial inflammatory response and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, as well as macrophage-to-foam cell transformation.
Prolactin Protein acts on the mammary gland, promoting lactation through its interaction with the receptor PRLR. Prolactin Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived Prolactin protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Prolactin Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 199 a.a., with molecular weight of 25-30 kDa.
Insulin is an important hormone in glucose regulation, reducing blood glucose concentrations by increasing cellular permeability to simple sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids. Its multiple effects include accelerating glycolysis, promoting pentose phosphate cycle, and promoting hepatic glycogen synthesis. Insulin Protein, Human (P.pastoris) is a recombinant protein dimer complex containing human-derived Insulin protein, expressed by P. pastoris , with tag free. Insulin Protein, Human (P.pastoris), has molecular weight of ~6 kDa.
PTH Protein, or parathyroid hormone, raises calcium levels by dissolving bone salts and inhibiting kidney excretion. It also stimulates [1-14C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblastic cells, interacting with the PTH1R receptor and binding to its N-terminal extracellular domain for these effects. PTH Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived PTH protein, expressed by HEK293 , with N-8*His labeled tag. The total length of PTH Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 84 a.a., with molecular weight of ~15 kDa.
The GIP protein is a member of the glucagon superfamily, an important incretin hormone that stimulates pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin in response to food intake. Through its G protein-coupled receptor, it activates adenylyl cyclase and other signal transduction pathways. GIP Protein, Human (HEK293, hFc, solution) is the recombinant human-derived GIP protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-hFc labeled tag. The total length of GIP Protein, Human (HEK293, hFc, solution) is 72 a.a., with molecular weight of ~38.77 kDa.
Adiponectin/Acrp30 Protein, Human could increase cell sensitivity to insulin and can be used as a potential protein for treating diabetic tendinopathy.
Prolactin Protein acts on the mammary gland, promoting lactation through its interaction with the receptor PRLR. Prolactin Protein, Human (SF9, His) is the recombinant human-derived Prolactin protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Prolactin Protein, Human (SF9, His) is 199 a.a., with molecular weight of ~24.3 kDa.
Adiponectin/Acrp30 Protein is a protein hormone and adipokine, the most abundant peptide secreted by adipocytes, which is involved in the control of fat metabolism and insulin sensitivity, with direct anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. Adiponectin plays a inportant role in obesity-related diseases, insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Adiponectin/Acrp30 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, Fc) is the recombinant mouse-derived Adiponectin/Acrp30 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-hFc labeled tag. The total length of Adiponectin/Acrp30 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, Fc) is 230 a.a., with molecular weight of 52-70 kDa.
Prolactin Protein, acting on the mammary gland, plays a pivotal role in promoting lactation through interaction with its receptor, PRLR, facilitating the lactation process.Prolactin Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived Prolactin protein, expressed by E.coli , with N-6*His labeled tag.
Insulin Protein regulates glucose metabolism in the body. It binds to insulin receptors, activating signaling pathways that facilitate glucose uptake and storage. Insulin Protein also regulates lipid metabolism and protein synthesis. Understanding its functions is crucial for developing treatments for diabetes and metabolic disorders. Insulin Protein, Bovine is a recombinant protein dimer complex containing bovine-derived Insulin protein, expressed by P. pastoris, with tag free. Insulin Protein, Bovine, has molecular weight of ~6 kDa.
