2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-15311R
    Avermectin B1 (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Avermectin B1 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Avermectin B1. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Avermectin B1 (Abamectin) is a mixture of two similar segments of avermectin. Avermectin B1 is an orally anti-infection agent, which can be used in the research of parasitic worms, insect pests, agriculture and animal husbandry. Avermectin B1 can also induce the production of ROS and induces cytotoxicity, apoptosis and autophagy.
    Avermectin B1 (Standard)
  • HY-N13301
    Aloe vera
    		Inhibitor
    Aloe vera is an herbal plant known for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, heart-protective, and wound-healing properties. Aloe vera can be used in research for tumors, diabetes, bone diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.
    Aloe vera
  • HY-W014223R
    2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone (Ultraviolet absorber UV-0) occupies the hydrophobic pocket of MD2 and blocks the dimerization of TLR4. 2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone inhibits the LPS induced mtROS production, and LPS induced inflammatory response by downregulating pro-inflammatory mediators and decreasing the expression of MyD88, p-IRAK4, and NF-κB. 2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone is also a UV absorber.
    2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone (Standard)
  • HY-119695AS2
    Simvastatin acid-d3 ammonium
    		Inhibitor
    Simvastatin acid-d3 (Tenivastatin-d3) ammonium is deuterium-labeled Simvastatin acid (ammonium) (HY-119695A).
    Simvastatin acid-d<sub>3</sub> ammonium
  • HY-B0612AR
    Lercanidipine hydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Lercanidipine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lercanidipine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lercanidipine is a third-generation, lipophilic, brain-penetrant, vascular-selective and orally active dihydropyridine-calcium channel blocker with a pIC50 of 7.74 (converts from μM). Lercanidipine has long lasting antihypertensive action as well as reno- and neuro-protective effect. Lercanidipine also shows anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Lercanidipine can be used in cardiovascular and neurological research.
    Lercanidipine hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-162818
    Antibacterial agent 237
    		Activator
    Antibacterial agent 237 (compound Ru-8) is a bacteriostatic agent for Staphylococcus aureus, with MIC of 0.78-1.56 μg/mL. Antibacterial agent 237 destroys bacterial cell membranes, changes their permeability, and induces bacteria to produce Reactive Oxygen Species, leading to bacterial death without causing drug resistance. Antibacterial agent 237 has low hemolytic toxicity to rabbit red blood cells and Raw 264.7 cells, and has significant antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus in mouse skin wound infection models and Bacillus major larvae infection models.
    Antibacterial agent 237
  • HY-13619S
    Efaproxiral-d6
    		Modulator
    Efaproxiral-d6 is the deuterium labeled Efaproxiral. Efaproxiral (RSR13) is a haemoglobin (Hb) synthetic allosteric modifier, decreases Hb-oxygen (O2) binding affinity and enhances oxygenation of hypoxic tumours during radiation therapy[1][2].
    Efaproxiral-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-W779800
    D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid-13C5 disodium
    		Activator
    D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid-13C5 disodium is the 13C-labeled D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (HY-113038). Radioactive isotopes labeled compounds can be used in metabolic analysis, allowing the movement of individual atoms to be precisely tracked and quantified.
    D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5</sub> disodium
  • HY-N0683S6
    α-Vitamin E-d11
    α-Vitamin E-d11 ((+)-α-Tocopherol-d11) is the deuterium labeled α-Vitamin E (HY-N0683). α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant.
    α-Vitamin E-d<sub>11</sub>
  • HY-119666
    Rooperol
    		Activator
    Rooperol is a norlignan analog with antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Rooperol induces apoptosis in CSCs through a mitochondrial-induced increase in ROS and a p53-dependent pathway, while also downregulating the expression of key stem cell regulatory factors, such as Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2, ultimately exerting its anticancer effects.
    Rooperol
  • HY-N13167
    3-Keto-tirucall-8,24-dien-21-oic acid
    		Inhibitor
    3-Keto-tirucall-8,24-dien-21-oic acid is a tetracyclic triterpene compound that can be isolated from frankincense. 3-Keto-tirucall-8,24-dien-21-oic acid has activities like anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-ulcer, memory improvement, and antioxidant properties.
    3-Keto-tirucall-8,24-dien-21-oic acid
  • HY-136386R
    N-Acetyl-D-cysteine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    N-Acetyl-D-cysteine (Standard) is the analytical standard of N-Acetyl-D-cysteine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. N-Acetyl-D-cysteine has antioxidant activities and scavenges ROS through the reaction with its thiol group, but cannot enter the glutathione metabolic pathway.
    N-Acetyl-D-cysteine (Standard)
  • HY-75342S
    Methyl vanillate-d3
    Methyl vanillate-d3 is deuterated labeled β-Phellandrene (HY-N8573). β-Phellandrene is obtained from Carum petroselinum. β-Phellandrene can be used to essential oil additives.
    Methyl vanillate-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N12586
    Pheophytin a
    Pheophytin a is a chlorophyll that can be isolated from S. vermiculata extracts. Pheophytin a has antioxidant activity with IC50 values of? 200.5 and 137.7 μg/mL for SOD, and NO respectively. Pheophytin a has reducing power with an IC50 value of 4.2 μg/mL . Pheophytin a has a cytotoxic effect on the MCF-7 cell line(IC50= 35.9 μg/mL)[1].
    Pheophytin a
  • HY-N8713
    4-Methyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyranone
    4-Methyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyranone can be used for the synthesis of N-hydroxypyridone derivatives, which can protect astrocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity via improved mitochondrial functionality.
    4-Methyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyranone
  • HY-B0347R
    Lacidipine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Lacidipine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lacidipine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lacidipine is an orally active and highly selective L-type calcium channel blocker that acts on smooth muscle calcium channels, primarily dilates peripheral arteries, reduces peripheral resistance, and has long-lasting anti-hypertensive activity. Lacidipine protects HKCs from apoptosis induced by ATP depletion and recovery by modulating the caspase-3 pathway. Lacidipine can be used in studies of hypertension, atherosclerosis and acute kidney injury (AKI).
    Lacidipine (Standard)
  • HY-17363R
    Dimethyl fumarate (Standard)
    		Activator
    Dimethyl fumarate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dimethyl fumarate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an orally active and brain-penetrant Nrf2 activator and induces upregulation of antioxidant gene expression. Dimethyl fumarate induces necroptosis in colon cancer cells through GSH depletion/ROS increase/MAPKs activation pathway, and also induces cell autophagy. Dimethyl fumarate can be used for multiple sclerosis research.
    Dimethyl fumarate (Standard)
  • HY-W040028R
    Cartap hydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Cartap (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cartap (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cartap hydrochloride, an organonitrogen insecticide, can cause a marked irreversible Ca2+-dependent contracture in both isolated mouse and rabbit phrenic nerve-diaphragms. Cartap hydrochloride significantly increases the level of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C2C12 cells.
    Cartap hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-N8466
    (-)-Lyoniresinol 9'-O-glucoside
    		Inhibitor
    (-)-Lyoniresinol 9'-O-glucoside is an inhibitor of ROS. (-)-Lyoniresinol 9'-O-glucoside reduces lipid accumulation and lipid metabolic disorders in FFAs-exposed HepG2 cells. (-)-Lyoniresinol 9'-O-glucoside inhibits high glucose-induced reactive oxygen species production.
    (-)-Lyoniresinol 9'-O-glucoside
  • HY-W002016
    Phthalazine
    		Inducer 99.44%
    Phthalazine is a substrate for human aldehyde oxidase 1, which can lead to the production of ROS and subsequent enzyme inactivation.
    Phthalazine
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity