2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N1980R
    3'-Hydroxypuerarin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    3'-Hydroxypuerarin (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3'-Hydroxypuerarin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3'-Hydroxypuerarin is an isoflavone isolated from the roots of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi. 3'-Hydroxypuerarin is a antioxidant, which shows marked ONOO(-), NO?, total ROS scavenging activities.
    3'-Hydroxypuerarin (Standard)
  • HY-146067
    β-Nor-lapachone
    		Activator
    β-Nor-lapachone is a Candida glabrata antibiofilm agent. β-Nor-lapachone can stimulate ROS production, inhibits efflux activity, adhesion, biofilm formation and the metabolism of mature biofilms of Candida glabrata. β-Nor-lapachone has antifungal activity.
    β-Nor-lapachone
  • HY-116730
    CHS-111
    		Inhibitor
    CHS-111 is a benzyl indazole inhibitor of superoxide anion O2- generation. CHS-111 inhibits the cell migration, and reduces the formyl-Met-Leu-Phe- but not phorbol ester-stimulated phospholipase D activity, with the IC50 of 3.9 μM.
    CHS-111
  • HY-18085S2
    Quercetin-13C3
    		Inhibitor
    Quercetin-13C3 is the 13C-labeled Quercetin. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively[1].
    Quercetin-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-155062
    IR-251
    		Inducer
    IR-251 is a mitochondrion-targeting NIR fluorescent probe. IR-251 targets mitochondria via OATPs and causes mitochondrial damage in tumor cells. IR-251 IR-251 induced ROS overproduction by inhibiting PPARγ, and then inhibiting the β-catenin signaling pathway and downstream protein molecules related to the cell cycle and metastasis. IR-251 inhibits tumor proliferation and metastasis.
    IR-251
  • HY-13653S
    (+/-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate-13C3
    (+/-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate-13C3 is the 13C-labeled (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate is a tea flavonoid with potent antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate is reported to inhibit EGFR signaling and thereby exert anticancer effects[1]. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a glutamate dehydrogenase 1/2 (GDH1/2, GLUD1/2) inhibitor. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by activating cytochrome c oxidase.
    (+/-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N0154R
    Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone is a synthetic glycoside chalcone, is added to various foods and beverages as a low caloric artificial sweetener.
    Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (Standard)
  • HY-P10622
    SHLP-3
    		Inhibitor
    SHLP-3 is a mitochondrial derived peptide encoded by the 16S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR2) gene. SHLP-3 increases cell viability and reduces apoptosis in insulinoma NIT-1β cells and human prostate cancer 22Rv1 cells. SHLP-3 increases mitochondrial function and exerts cytoprotective effects by increasing mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), cellular ATP and reducing the ability to produce ROS. SHLP-3 can be used in the study of diabetes and cancer.
    SHLP-3
  • HY-139860
    Anticancer agent 15
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 15 is capable of significantly increasing the cellular level of ROS and inducing melanoma cancer cell death via necroptosis.
    Anticancer agent 15
  • HY-N0439R
    Asiaticoside (Standard)
    Asiaticoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Asiaticoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Asiaticoside, a trisaccaride triterpene from Centella asiatica, suppresses TGF-β/Smad signaling through inducing Smad7 and inhibiting TGF-βRI and TGF-βRII in keloid fibroblasts; Asiaticoside shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcer properties.
    Asiaticoside (Standard)
  • HY-P0104
    Palmitoyl tripeptide-38
    		Inhibitor
    Palmitoyl tripeptide-38 is a bioactive peptide with anti-aging effect .
    Palmitoyl tripeptide-38
  • HY-N8698R
    Picein (Standard)
    Picein (Standard) is the analytical standard of Picein. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Picein, isolated from Picrorhiza kurroa, is a naturally occurring antioxidant.
    Picein (Standard)
  • HY-147811
    Heterophdoid A
    		Inhibitor
    Heterophdoid A (Compound 1) is an anti-inflammatory agent. Heterophdoid A inhibits NO production with an IC50 of 5.93 μM in BV-2 cells.
    Heterophdoid A
  • HY-163077
    Anticancer agent 175
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 175 (complex 1) ia a near-infrared (NIR) luminescent theranostic complex. Anticancer agent 175 induces ROS accumulation, mitochondrial damage, disruption of Bax/Bcl-2 equilibrium, and tumor cell apoptosis in HepG2 cell line.
    Anticancer agent 175
  • HY-157437
    AChE/BChE-IN-16
    		Inhibitor
    AChE/BChE-IN-16 (compound C7) is a potent cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor with IC50s of 30 nM and 48 nM for human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE), respectively. AChE/BChE-IN-16 exhibits a remarkable capacity to safeguard PC12 cells against H2O2-induced apoptosis and effectively suppresses the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    AChE/BChE-IN-16
  • HY-N0418R
    Quercitrin (Standard)
    Quercitrin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Quercitrin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Quercitrin (Quercetin 3-rhamnoside) is a bioflavonoid compound with potential anti-inflammation, antioxidative and neuroprotective effect. Quercitrin induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Quercitrin can be used for the research of cardiovascular and neurological disease research.
    Quercitrin (Standard)
  • HY-155137
    CHBO4
    CHBO4 is a potent, reversible, competitive, and selective hMAO-B inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.031 μM in CHBO subseries and an Ki value of 0.010 ± 0.005 μM. CHBO4 reduce cell damage by scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). CHBO4 can be used for Parkinson's Disease (PD) research.
    CHBO4
  • HY-162131
    Antitumor agent-132
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-132 (Compound F9) is an antitumor agent. Antitumor agent-132 induces cell apoptosis and increases intracellular reactive oxygen species and reduces MMP.
    Antitumor agent-132
  • HY-N0332R
    Ziyuglycoside II (Standard)
    		Activator
    Ziyuglycoside II (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ziyuglycoside II. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ziyuglycoside II is a triterpenoid saponin compound extracted from Sanguisorba officinalis L.. Ziyuglycoside II induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis. Anti-inflammation and anti-cancer effect.
    Ziyuglycoside II (Standard)
  • HY-N9283
    1,2-Diacetoxy-4,7,8-trihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)dibenzofuran
    		Inhibitor
    1,2-Diacetoxy-4,7,8-trihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)dibenzofuran, isolated from the edible mushroom Sarcodon leucopus, has antioxidant effects in the DPPH scavenging assay with the IC50 of 28 μM, inhibits malondialdehyde (MDA) with the IC50 of 71 μM, and inhibits α-glucosidase with the IC50 of 6.22 μM.
    1,2-Diacetoxy-4,7,8-trihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)dibenzofuran
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity