2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Related Products

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0733R
    Glucosamine hydrochloride (Standard)
    Glucosamine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glucosamine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a dietary supplement. Glucosamine hydrochloride also is a natural constituent of glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage matrix and synovial fluid, which when administered exogenously, exerts pharmacological effects on osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes.
    Glucosamine hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-N10176
    D-Isofloridoside
    		Inhibitor
    D-Isofloridoside, one of the polysaccharide precursors, has the activity of scavenging free radicals, inhibiting ROS expression, and inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9.
    D-Isofloridoside
  • HY-D0187R
    L-Glutathione reduced (Standard)
    L-Glutathione reduced (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Glutathione reduced. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Glutathione reduced (GSH; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.
    L-Glutathione reduced (Standard)
  • HY-B1115R
    Buspirone hydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Buspirone (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Buspirone (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Buspirone hydrochloride is a 5-HT1A receptor agonist. Buspirone hydrochloride can be used for anxiety and depression research.
    Buspirone hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-N0733S
    Glucosamine-13C hydrochloride
    Glucosamine-13C (hydrochloride) is the 13C labeled Glucosamine hydrochloride. Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a
    Glucosamine-<sup>13</sup>C hydrochloride
  • HY-N0575R
    Pinocembrin (Standard)
    Pinocembrin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pinocembrin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pinocembrin ((+)-Pinocoembrin) is a flavonoid found in propolis, acts as a competitive inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase, and is an effective anti-allergic agent, with antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.
    Pinocembrin (Standard)
  • HY-162456
    Anticancer agent 205
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 205 (compound 9) is a potent anticancer agent. Anticancer agent 205 binds to G4-mtDNA target and inhibits the replication, transcription, and translation of mtDNA (mitochondrial genome). Anticancer agent 205 causes mitochondrial dysfunction, increases ROS production, induces DNA damage and cellular senescence. Anticancer agent 205 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrests at G0/G1 phase. Anticancer agent 205 has the potential for the research of colorectal cancer.
    Anticancer agent 205
  • HY-143243
    Antioxidant agent-5
    		Inhibitor
    Antioxidant agent-5 (compound D-6) is a potent antioxidant agent. Antioxidant agent-5 can inhibit oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein)-induced apoptosis and the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in VECs. Antioxidant agent-5 suppresses oxLDL-induced increase of ROS level and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Antioxidant agent-5 protects against oxLDL-induced endothelial injury by activating Nrf2/HO-1 anti-oxidation pathway.
    Antioxidant agent-5
  • HY-149997
    Anticancer agent 120
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 120 (compound 21) is an N-acylated ciprofloxacin derivative, which has certain antibacterial activity and induces ROS to promote cancer cell apoptosis.
    Anticancer agent 120
  • HY-146504
    Topoisomerase I/II inhibitor 3
    		Inducer
    Topoisomerase I/II inhibitor 3 (compound 7) is a potent topoisomerase I (Topo I) and II (Topo II) dual inhibitor. Topoisomerase I/II inhibitor 3 can inhibit cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and induce apoptosis by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Topoisomerase I/II inhibitor 3 can be used for liver cancer research.
    Topoisomerase I/II inhibitor 3
  • HY-N0501R
    11-oxo-mogroside V (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    11-oxo-mogroside V (Standard) is the analytical standard of 11-oxo-mogroside V. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 11-oxo-mogroside V is a natural sweetener that exhibits strong antioxidant activity. It exhibits significant inhibitory effects on reactive oxygen species (O2-, H2O2 and *OH) with EC50 of 4.79, 16.52, and 146.17 μg/mL, respectively.
    11-oxo-mogroside V (Standard)
  • HY-158189
    TPP-Ce6
    Tpp-ce6 is a mitochondria-targeting photosensitizer formed by binding chlorophyll e6 (Ce6) to triphenylphosphine (TPP) via an ester bond. TPP-Ce6 can produce ROS under light irradiation, especially singlet oxygen, which can induce oxidative stress, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. TPP-Ce6 can be used in the study of mitochondria in apoptosis and energy metabolism as well as cancer therapy.
    TPP-Ce6
  • HY-116920A
    (R)-Alyssin
    		Activator
    (R)-Alyssin is a enantiomer of Alyssin (HY-116920). Alyssin, found in Cruciferous Vegetables, exerts anticancer activity in HepG2 by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species and tubulin depolymerization.
    (R)-Alyssin
  • HY-N11934
    Piperkadsin A
    		Inhibitor
    Piperkadsin A is a potent inhibitor of ROS. Piperkadsin inhibits PMA-induced ROS production in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils with an IC50 of 4.3 μM.
    Piperkadsin A
  • HY-18085R
    Quercetin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Quercetin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Quercetin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively.
    Quercetin (Standard)
  • HY-116722
    (2E)-4-Hydroperoxy-2-nonenal
    		Inducer
    (2E)-4-Hydroperoxy-2-nonenal is a lipid peroxidation product derived from oxidized ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and can be used as a marker of oxidative stress.
    (2E)-4-Hydroperoxy-2-nonenal
  • HY-N7063S1
    Nerol-d6
    		Activator
    Nerol-d6 is deuterated labeled Oct-1-en-3-ol (HY-W010410). Oct-1-en-3-ol, a fatty acid fragrant, is a self-stimulating oxylipin messenger. Oct-1-en-3-ol serves as a signaling molecule in plant cellular responses, plant-herbivore interactions, and plant-plant interactions. Oct-1-en-3-ol causes dopamine neuron degeneration through disruption of dopamine handling.
    Nerol-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-114911R
    Feprazone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Feprazone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Feprazone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Feprazone (DA2370; Prenazone), an analogue of Phenylbutazone (HY-B0230), is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic activities. Feprazone acts by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Feprazone ameliorates free fatty acid (FFA)-induced oxidative stress by reducing the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Feprazone can decrease the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Besides, Feprazone can suppress adipogenesis and increase lipolysis in differentiating 3 T3-L1 cells. Feprazone also can be used to research atherosclerosis and obesity.
    Feprazone (Standard)
  • HY-144900R
    Topramezone (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Topramezone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Topramezone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Topramezone is a potent 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-HPPD) inhibitor. Topramezone is a herbicide, used for the post-emergence control of broadleaf and grass weeds in corn.
    Topramezone (Standard)
  • HY-N13174
    Peanut procyanidin A
    		Inhibitor
    Peanut procyanidin A is a type of A-type procyanidin that can be extracted from peanut skins. Peanut procyanidin A can protect prostate DU145 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress damage through the MAPKs signaling pathway, alleviate cell cycle arrest, and reduce cell apoptosis. Peanut procyanidin A can also regulate gut microbiota and metabolism in mice with DSS (HY-116282)-induced ulcerative colitis.
    Peanut procyanidin A
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity