2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

Related Products

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-106093
    Eltenac
    		Inhibitor
    Eltenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is a COX inhibitor. Eltenac shows IC50 of 0.03 μM for both COX-1 and COX-2 in isolated human whole blood.
    Eltenac
  • HY-N0698R
    Crocin II (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Crocin II (Standard) is the analytical standard of Crocin II. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Crocin II is isolated from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides with antioxidant, anticancer, and antidepressant activity. Crocin II inhibits NO production with an IC50 value of 31.1 μM. Crocin II suppresses the expressions of protein and m-RNA of iNOS and COX-2.
    Crocin II (Standard)
  • HY-B1888AS
    Bromfenac-d4 sodium
    		Inhibitor
    Bromfenac-d4 (sodium) is deuterium labeled Bromfenac (sodium). Bromfenac sodium is a potent and orally active inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 5.56 and 7.45 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Bromfenac sodium is a brominated non-steroidal anti-inflammatory/analgesic agent (NSAID), and it is commonly used for the research of postoperative inflammation and pain following cataract surgery, and pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (CME)[1][2].
    Bromfenac-d<sub>4</sub> sodium
  • HY-B0227S2
    Ketoprofen-13C,d3
    		Inhibitor
    Ketoprofen-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Ketoprofen. Ketoprofen (RP-19583) is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, acting as a potent inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 2 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2 in human blood monocytes, respectively[1].
    Ketoprofen-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N6607R
    Tryptanthrin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Tryptanthrin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tryptanthrin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tryptanthrin is an indole quinazoline that could be an alkaloid from indigo-bearing plants. Tryptanthrin is a potent and orally active cellular Leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis inhibitor. Tryptanthrin has anticancer activity. Tryptanthrin suppresses the expression levels of NOS1, COX-2, and NF-κB and regulates the expression levels of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α.
    Tryptanthrin (Standard)
  • HY-N1067R
    Xanthohumol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Xanthohumol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Xanthohumol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Xanthohumol is one of the principal flavonoids isolated from hops, the inhibitor of diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (DGAT), COX-1 and COX-2, and shows anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic activities. Xanthohumol also has antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), rhinovirus, HSV-1, HSV-2 and cytomegalovirus (CMV).
    Xanthohumol (Standard)
  • HY-115921
    Anti-inflammatory agent 9
    Anti-inflammatory agent 9 (compound 28) is a tilomisole-based benzimidazothiazole derivative. Anti-inflammatory agent 9 expresses activity on COX-2 enzyme more than COX-1. Anti-inflammatory agent 9 is orally active.
    Anti-inflammatory agent 9
  • HY-B1138S
    Fenbufen-d9
    		Inhibitor
    Fenbufen-d9 (CL-82204-d9) is the deuterium labeled Fenbufen. Fenbufen (CL-82204) is an orally active non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), with antipyretic effects. Fenbufen has potent activity in a variety of animal model, including carageenin edema, UV erythema and adjuvant arthritis. Fenbufen has inhibitory activities against COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 3.9 μM and 8.1 μM, respectively. Fenbufen is a caspases (caspase-1, 3, 4, 5, 9) inhibitor[1][2][3][4][5].
    Fenbufen-d<sub>9</sub>
  • HY-155753
    Anti-inflammatory agent 50
    		Inhibitor
    Anti-inflammatory agent 50 (compound a1) is a Fusidic acid derivative with anti-inflammatory effects. Anti-inflammatory agent 50 inhibits inflammatory factor NO, IL-6 and TNF-α. Anti-inflammatory agent 50 alleviates acute lung injury by regulating inflammatory mediators and suppressing the MAPK, NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways.
    Anti-inflammatory agent 50
  • HY-14670R
    Firocoxib (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Firocoxib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Firocoxib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Firocoxib (ML 1785713) is a potent, selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.13 μM. Firocoxib shows 58-fold more selective for COX-2 than COX-1 (IC50 of 7.5 μM). Firocoxib has anti-inflammatory effects.
    Firocoxib (Standard)
  • HY-N10009
    Cudraflavone B
    		Inhibitor
    Cudraflavone B is a prenylated flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. Cudraflavone B is also a dual inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2. Cudraflavone B blocks the translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in macrophages. Thus, Cudraflavone B inhibits tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) gene expression and secretion. Cudraflavone B also triggers the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, activates NF-κB, the MAPK p38, and ERK, and induced the expression of SIRT1. Thus Cudraflavone B inhibits the growth of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.
    Cudraflavone B
  • HY-N3631
    Ethoxycoronarin D
    		Inhibitor
    Ethoxycoronarin D is a labdane diterpenes compound isolated from rhizomes. Ethoxycoronarin D selectively inhibits COX-1 with an IC50 of 3.8 µM.
    Ethoxycoronarin D
  • HY-155780
    Anti-inflammatory agent 52
    		Inhibitor
    Anti-inflammatory agent 52 (compound 7j) is an orally active selective COX-2 inhibitor. Anti-inflammatory agent 52 has anti-HT29 transfer activity, which leads to periodic arrest in G2/M phase. Anti-inflammatory agent 52 has safety, moderate ability to suppress inflammation. Anti-inflammatory agent 52 has a rare property of suppressing the development of tumor in mouse model, showing anti-cancer activity.
    Anti-inflammatory agent 52
  • HY-106560
    Proglumetacin
    		Inhibitor
    Proglumetacin is an orally active and potent cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor. Proglumetacin can inhibits SARS-CoV Mpro (main protease of the SARS-CoV-2), with an AC50 of 8.9 μM (activity concentration at half maximal activity). Proglumetacin has anti-inflammatory activity, can be used for inflammation (such as Rheumatoid arthritis, and Allergic air pouch inflammation) research[1][2][3].
    Proglumetacin
  • HY-149496
    Akt/NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    Akt/NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 (compound 2m) is a potent and orally active inhibitor against NO (IC50=7.70 μM) with no significant toxicity. Akt/NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 shows anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting Akt/NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
    Akt/NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1
  • HY-N0356R
    (-)-Catechin gallate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    (-)-Catechin gallate (Standard) is the analytical standard of (-)-Catechin gallate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (-)-Catechin gallate is a minor constituent in green tea catechins. (-)-Catechin gallate inhibits the activity of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.
    (-)-Catechin gallate (Standard)
  • HY-N0722R
    Neochlorogenic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Neochlorogenic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Neochlorogenic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Neochlorogenic acid is a natural polyphenolic compound found in dried fruits and other plants. Neochlorogenic acid inhibits the production of TNF-α and IL-1β. Neochlorogenic acid suppresses iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. Neochlorogenic acid also inhibits phosphorylated NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK activation.
    Neochlorogenic acid (Standard)
  • HY-N6257R
    Cafestol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Cafestol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cafestol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cafestol, one of the major components of coffee, is a coffee-specific diterpene from. Cafestol is a ERK inhibitor for AP-1-targeted activity against PGE2 production and the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Cafestol has strong inhibitory activity on PGE2 production by suppressing the NF-kB activation pathway. Cafestol contributes to its beneficial effects through various biological activities such as chemopreventive, antitumorigenic, hepatoprotective, antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects.
    Cafestol (Standard)
  • HY-15030R
    Naproxen (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Naproxen (Standard) is the analytical standard of Naproxen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Naproxen is a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor with IC50s of 8.72 and 5.15 μM, respectively in cell assay.
    Naproxen (Standard)
  • HY-146294
    COX-2/5-LOX-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2/5-LOX-IN-1 (compound 3a) is a potent and dual inhibitor of COX-2/5-LOX. COX-2/5-LOX-IN-1 is a benzothiophen-2-yl pyrazole carboxylic acid derivative. COX-2/5-LOX-IN-1 shows the most potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities surpassing that of Celecoxib and Indomethacin. COX-2/5-LOX-IN-1 shows potent COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitory activity with IC50s of 12.13, 0.4 and 4.96 μM, respectively.
    COX-2/5-LOX-IN-1
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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