2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-162276
    Anticancer agent 188
    		Antagonist
    Anticancer agent 188 (compound D43) inhibits DNA synthesis in TNBC cells, leading to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Anticancer agent 188 has anti-cancer viability by inducing ROS-mediated apoptosis and DNA damage.
    Anticancer agent 188
  • HY-W040028
    Cartap hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Cartap hydrochloride, an organonitrogen insecticide, can cause a marked irreversible Ca2+-dependent contracture in both isolated mouse and rabbit phrenic nerve-diaphragms. Cartap hydrochloride significantly increases the level of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C2C12 cells.
    Cartap hydrochloride
  • HY-120251
    Leteprinim
    		Inhibitor
    Leteprinim (AIT-082 free acid), a purine analog, is a neuroprotective agent and cognitive enhancer. Leteprinim is a hypoxanthine derivative neurotrophic agent. Leteprinim can induce brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA production following spinal cord lesions, and nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA production in basal forebrain. Leteprinim reduces glutamate toxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons. Leteprinim increases heme-oxygenase 1 and 2 mRNA levels that play role in cellular defense against reactive oxygen species.
    Leteprinim
  • HY-161934
    PARP1-IN-27
    		Inducer
    PARP1-IN-27 (Compound 9B) is the inhibitor for PARP1 and PARP2, with IC50 of 2.53 nM and 6.45 nM in cell SUM149PT. PARP1-IN-27 inhibits the proliferation of BRCA-mutated cancer cells SUM149PT, HCC1937 and Capan-1, with IC50 of 0.62, 1.91 and 4.26 μM respectively. PARP1-IN-27 aggravates DNA double-strand breaks, increases ROS generation, arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase, and induces apoptosis in SUM149PT.
    PARP1-IN-27
  • HY-28325
    AMC-04
    		Inducer
    AMC-04 is an unfolded protein response (UPR) activator, which activates UPR pathway through ROS and p38 MAPK signaling and induces apoptotic cell death. AMC-04 can be used for cancer research.
    AMC-04
  • HY-14781S2
    Levomefolic acid-13C5
    Levomefolic acid-13C5 is the 13C labeled Levomefolic acid[1]. Levomefolic acid (L-5-MTHF) is an orally active, brain-penetrant natural active form of folic acid and is one of the most widely used folic acid food supplements[2][3].
    Levomefolic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-146455
    DPP-4-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    DPP-4-IN-3 (Compound 5a) is a potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.75 nM. DPP-4-IN-3 shows excellent antioxidant and insulinotropic activity.
    DPP-4-IN-3
  • HY-13571AR
    Beclometasone dipropionate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Beclometasone dipropionate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Beclometasone dipropionate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Beclometasone dipropionate, the proagent of Beclometasone, is an orally active and potent glucocorticoid recepter agonist. Beclometasone dipropionate acts via a glucocorticoid receptor and suppresses inflammation and hyperproliferation. Beclometasone dipropionate can be used for asthma .
    Beclometasone dipropionate (Standard)
  • HY-159146
    PPARα agonist 4
    		Inhibitor
    PPARα agonist 4 (compound BH400) is a PPARα agonist (EC50= 1.2 μM). PPARα agonist 4 also inhibits STING (IC50: 8.1 μM). PPARα agonist 4 reduces the CoCl2-induced production of ROS and LPS-induced secretion of IL-6. The PPARα agonist 4 restores the decreased expression of PCG1α induced by LPS.
    PPARα agonist 4
  • HY-W040298R
    Ciprofloxacin lactate (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Ciprofloxacin (lactate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ciprofloxacin (lactate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) lactate is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin lactate induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin lactate has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin lactate is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity[4].
    Ciprofloxacin lactate (Standard)
  • HY-N0872R
    Isosteviol (Standard)
    Isosteviol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isosteviol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isosteviol ((-)-Isosteviol) is a derivative of Stevioside through acid catalyzed hydrolysis of Stevioside. Isosteviol inhibits DNA polymerase and DNA topoisomerase and has antibacterial, anticancer and anti-tuberculosis effects.
    Isosteviol (Standard)
  • HY-N10742
    Maritimetin
    		Inhibitor
    Maritimein is an aurone that can be isolated from Coreopsis tinctoria. Maritimein shows strong diphenyl(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 4.12 μM. Maritimein can be used for the research of cardiovascular disease.
    Maritimetin
  • HY-111314
    NZ 419
    		≥98.0%
    NZ 419 (5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin) is a metabolite of creatinine and an antioxidant with oral activity, which has the ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals (•OH). NZ 419 can inhibit the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in rats.
    NZ 419
  • HY-163879
    hMAO-B-IN-9
    		Inhibitor
    hMAO-B-IN-9 (Compound 25c) is a non-competitive inhibitor for monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) with an IC50 of 1.58 µM (hMAO-B). hMAO-B-IN-9 forms complex with iron ions as a chelator, and inhibits Erastin (HY-15763)-induced ferroptosis. hMAO-B-IN-9 exhibits antioxidant activity by downregulating the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). hMAO-B-IN-9 improves cognitive function in mice, without significant toxicity (30 mg/kg). hMAO-B-IN-9 is blood-brain barrier permeable, according to the in silico prediction.
    hMAO-B-IN-9
  • HY-N0411R
    β-Carotene (Standard)
    		Modulator
    β-Carotene (Standard) is the analytical standard of β-Carotene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. β-Carotene (Provitamin A), a carotenoid compound, is a naturally-occurring vitamin A precursor. β-Carotene is a modulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. β-Carotene may serve as an antioxidant or as a prooxidant, depending on its intrinsic properties as well as on the redox potential of the biological environment in which it acts. β-Carotene induces breast cancer cells apoptosis, with anticancer activities.
    β-Carotene (Standard)
  • HY-161268
    NAE-IN-1
    		Inducer
    NAE-IN-1 (compound X-10) is a potent NAE1 inhibitor. NAE-IN-1 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. NAE-IN-1 increases ROS levels and prevents cell migration. NAE-IN-1 shows anti-proliferation activity.
    NAE-IN-1
  • HY-163301
    Antitumor agent-139
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-139 (compound 9b) is a liver - and mitochondria-targeting gold(I) complexe, and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and facilitates DNA excretion. Antitumor agent-139 inhibits tumor growth in a patient-derived xenograft model of hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Antitumor agent-139
  • HY-N0232R
    Psoralidin (Standard)
    		Activator
    Psoralidin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Psoralidin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Psoralidin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX, regulates ionizing radiation (IR)-induced pulmonary inflammation.Anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Psoralidin significantly downregulates NOTCH1 signaling. Psoralidin also greatly induces ROS generation.
    Psoralidin (Standard)
  • HY-151431
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 2
    		Inhibitor
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 2 (compound 13m), difluoro-substituted derivative, is a potent Nrf2/HO-1 activator. Nrf2/HO-1 activator 2 has neuroprotective and antioxidant effects through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway mediated by phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, or Akt in PC12 cells. Nrf2/HO-1 activator 2 can be used in the research of Parkinson's disease (PD).
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 2
  • HY-B0356R
    Ciprofloxacin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Ciprofloxacin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ciprofloxacin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity.
    Ciprofloxacin (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity