2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-77591R
    Cysteamine hydrochloride (Standard)
    Cysteamine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cysteamine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cysteamine hydrochloride (2-Aminoethanethiol hydrochloride) is an orally active agent for the treatment of nephropathic cystinosis and an antioxidant.
    Cysteamine hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-N0295R
    Protocatechualdehyde (Standard)
    Protocatechualdehyde (Standard) is the analytical standard of Protocatechualdehyde. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Protocatechualdehyde (Catechaldehyde), a natural polyphenol compound isolated from the roots of radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, is associated with a wide variety of biological activities and has been widely used in medicine as an antioxidant, anti-aging, an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent.
    Protocatechualdehyde (Standard)
  • HY-144697
    p38 MAPK-IN-3
    		Inducer
    p38 MAPK-IN-3 (Compound 2c) is a p38α MAPK inhibitor. p38 MAPK-IN-3 has antitumor activities and induces apoptosis and ROS.
    p38 MAPK-IN-3
  • HY-N2267
    (+)-Schisandrin B
    		≥99.0%
    (+)-Schisandrin B is an enantiomer of Schisandrin B. Schisandrin B is an active dibenzocyclooctadiene derivative isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis, has antioxidant effect on rodent liver and heart.
    (+)-Schisandrin B
  • HY-W250307
    Diphenyliodonium iodide
    		Inhibitor
    Diphenyliodonium iodide is an inhibitor of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Diphenyliodonium iodide can inhibit the accumulation of bisdemethoxycurcumin in fresh-cut yam by inhibiting the phenylpropanoid pathway and the biosynthesis of bisdemethoxycurcumin, thereby preventing the yellowing of fresh-cut yam. Diphenyliodonium iodide can be used in medicine and fruit preservation.
    Diphenyliodonium iodide
  • HY-W010201R
    Citronellol (Standard)
    		Activator
    Citronellol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Citronellol. Citronellol (Standard) is an orally active inducer of apoptosis. Citronellol (Standard) can prevent oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell Parkinson's disease model induced by 6-OHDA by regulating the ROS-NO, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Citronellol (Standard) can induce necroptosis in human lung cancer cells through the TNF-α pathway and accumulation of ROS. Citronellol (Standard) can reduce the levels of LC-3 and p62 to regulate the autophagy pathway, inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and thus have neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's rats. Citronellol (Standard) exhibits anti-fungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis.
    Citronellol (Standard)
  • HY-N8193
    Brassicin
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    Brassicin, a natural Flavonoid, possesses radical scavenging activity.
    Brassicin
  • HY-13571B
    Beclometasone dipropionate monohydrate
    		Inhibitor
    Beclometasone dipropionate monohydrate, the proagent of Beclometasone, is an orally active and potent glucocorticoid recepter agonist. Beclometasone dipropionate monohydrate acts via a glucocorticoid receptor and suppresses inflammation and hyperproliferation. Beclometasone dipropionate monohydrate can be used for asthma .
    Beclometasone dipropionate monohydrate
  • HY-113038
    D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid
    		Activator
    D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid ((R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate) is the principal metabolite accumulating in neurometabolic disease D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a weak competitive antagonist of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and inhibits multiple α-KG-dependent dioxygenases with a Ki of 10.87 mM. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid binds and inhibits ATP synthase and inhibits mTOR signaling.
    D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid
  • HY-146367
    VEGFR-2-IN-19
    		Inducer
    VEGFR-2-IN-19 (Compound 15b) is a potent VEGFR2/KDR/Flk-1 inhibitor. VEGFR-2-IN-19 induces cell apoptosis and increases intracellular reactive oxygen species level. VEGFR-2-IN-19 can be used as an anticancer agent.
    VEGFR-2-IN-19
  • HY-15121R
    L-Theanine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    L-Theanine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Theanine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Theanine (L-Glutamic Acid γ-ethyl amide) is a non-protein amino acid contained in green tea leaves, which blocks the binding of L-glutamic acid to glutamate receptors in the brain, and with neuroprotective, anticancer and anti-oxidative activities. L-Theanine can pass through the blood–brain barrier and is orally active.
    L-Theanine (Standard)
  • HY-162882
    CC15009
    		Inhibitor
    CC15009 is a xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 0.237 nM. CC15009 can inhibit the oxidative subtype of XOR, thereby reducing the production of the byproduct ROS and exhibiting antioxidant activity. CC15009 has demonstrated a good dose-dependent uric acid-lowering effect in two different mouse models of hyperuricemia induced by XOR substrates.
    CC15009
  • HY-145859
    Topo I-IN-1
    		Inducer
    Topo I-IN-1 (Compound 14d) is a potent Topo I inhibitor with antitumor activity and DNA intercalative capability. Topo I-IN-1 induces cell apoptosis.
    Topo I-IN-1
  • HY-N2620
    Rutaevin
    		Inhibitor 98.74%
    Rutaevin is isolated from the fruits of Euodia rutaecarpa. Rutaevin inhibits NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages.
    Rutaevin
  • HY-B0831S
    Buprofezin-d6
    		Inhibitor
    Buprofezin-d6 is the deuterium labeled Buprofezin. Buprofezin is a broad-spectrum insecticide and chitin synthesis inhibitor that targets developmental stage coleopteran pests.Buprofezin promotes the conversion of energy metabolism from the aerobic tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis. Buprofezin also promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase[1][2].
    Buprofezin-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-119695
    Simvastatin acid
    		Inhibitor
    Simvastatin acid (Tenivastatin), a hydrolysate of Simvastatin (HY-17502), is a HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor. Simvastatin acid reduces Indoxyl sulfate-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human cardiomyocytes. Simvastatin acid can also modulates OATP3A1 expression in cardiomyocytes and HEK293 cells transfected with the OATP3A1 gene.
    Simvastatin acid
  • HY-159122
    CA IX-IN-2
    		Inducer
    CA IX-IN-2 (Compound 9o) is an inhibitor for carbonic anhydrase (CA), that inhibits CA IX, CA XII and CA II with an IC50 of 5.6, 7.4 and 430 nM, respectively. CA IX-IN-2 inhibits the proliferation of cancer cell HCT-116, SW480, MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7, with IC50s of 14.63-29.33 μM. CA IX-IN-2 intercalates DNA, arrests cell cycle at G1/S phase, and induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231. CA IX-IN-2 affects the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increases the intracellular ROS levels, causes mitochondrial damage, and inhibits the cell migration of MDA-MB-231. CA IX-IN-2 exhibits antitumor efficacy in mouse models.
    CA IX-IN-2
  • HY-B1960R
    Canthaxanthin (Standard)
    Canthaxanthin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Canthaxanthin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Canthaxanthin is a red-orange carotenoid with various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antitumor properties.
    Canthaxanthin (Standard)
  • HY-N3737
    Derrone
    		Inducer
    Derrone, a prenylated isoflavones, is an Aurora kinase inhibitor, with IC50 values of 6 and 22.3 μM against Aurora B and Aurora A, respectively. Derrone shows anti-tumor activity.
    Derrone
  • HY-162311
    Anticancer agent 194
    		Activator
    Anticancer agent 194 (compound 10p) is a ferroptosis and autophagy inducer. Anticancer agent 194 arrests colon cancer cell cycle at G2/M phase, but can't induce cell apoptosis. Anticancer agent 194 independently triggeres cell ferroptosis and autophagy through the massive accumulation of ROS.
    Anticancer agent 194
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity