2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-121252
    Dopal
    		Inducer
    Dopal is an aldehyde that can be generated in Parkinson's disease by enzymatic degradation of dopamine. Dopal can generate reactive oxygen species, and triggers aggregation of α-synuclein. DOPAL elicits α-synuclein accumulation and hampers α-synuclein clearance in primary neurons.
    Dopal
  • HY-111125
    AMRI-59
    		Activator
    AMRI-59 is a potent inhibitor of PrxI used for parasitic infections. AMRI-59 can increase cellular ROS, leading to activation of signaling pathways mediated by mitochondria and apoptosis signal-regulated kinase 1, thereby leading to apoptosis in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma. AMRI-59 exhibits significant antitumor activity without apparent acute toxicity.
    AMRI-59
  • HY-N0662R
    Amentoflavone (Standard)
    Amentoflavone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Amentoflavone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Amentoflavone (Didemethyl-ginkgetin) is a potent and orally active GABA(A) negative modulator. Amentoflavone also shows anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-radiation, anti-fungal, antibacterial activity. Amentoflavone induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at sub-G1 phase.
    Amentoflavone (Standard)
  • HY-B0722R
    Histamine dihydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Histamine (dihydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Histamine (dihydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Histamine dihydrochloride is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor. Histamine dihydrochloride can suppress ROS production and work together with IL-2 to activate T cells and NK cells, leading to immune activation in the tumor microenvironment, which consequently kills acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Histamine dihydrochloride can cause a reduction in vaginal tetrazo reduction, increased epithelial growth, and heightened keratinization in mouse models of ovariectomy. Histamine dihydrochloride can be used in the research of acute myeloid leukemia, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma.
    Histamine dihydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-161685
    Antibiofilm agent-8
    		Inducer
    Antibiofilm agent-8 (compound Ru2) enhances antimicrobial activity on visible-light exposure (400-700 nm, 10 J cm-2). Antibiofilm agent-8 generates of oxidative stress via NADH oxidation and ROS generation and compromises bacterial wall.
    Antibiofilm agent-8
  • HY-B0166S4
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C-3
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C-3 is the 13C labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen
    L-Ascorbic acid-<sup>13</sup>C-3
  • HY-128431
    Arochlor 1254
    		Inducer
    Arochlor 1254 is a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture with biphenyl and 54% chlorine. Aroclor 1254 reduced cell viability and induced overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner. Arochlor 1254 exposure reduces calcium homeostasis, osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.
    Arochlor 1254
  • HY-N12941
    Macarangin
    		Inhibitor
    Macarangin can be isolated from propolis. Macarangin has DPPH radical-scavenging activity and shows anti-inflammatory activities via inhibiting the activation process of NLRP3 inflammasome.
    Macarangin
  • HY-N0733S4
    Glucosamine-15N hydrochloride
    Glucosamine-15N (hydrochloride) is the 15N labeled Glucosamine hydrochloride. Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a
    Glucosamine-<sup>15</sup>N hydrochloride
  • HY-146103
    Antiproliferative agent-7
    		Inducer
    Antiproliferative agent-7 (compound 8f) is a potent anti-proliferative agent. Antiproliferative agent-7 has antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HCT-116 and FR-2 with IC50s of 3.5 μM, 15.54 μM, 30.43 μM and 34.8 μM, respectively. Antiproliferative agent-7 can increase ROS production and induce apoptosis.
    Antiproliferative agent-7
  • HY-13065R
    Isobavachalcone (Standard)
    		Activator
    Isobavachalcone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isobavachalcone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isobavachalcone (Corylifolinin) is derived from Psoralea corylifolia Linn. and is a potent inhibitor of Akt signaling pathway, which induces apoptosis in human cancer cells (Inhibits OVCAR-8 cell growth with an IC50 value of 7.92 μM). Isobavachalcone also induces Reactive Oxyen Species (ROS) generation in OVCAR-8 cells and has exhibit cancer anti-promotive and anti-proliferative activity.
    Isobavachalcone (Standard)
  • HY-B0543R
    Allylthiourea (Standard)
    Allylthiourea (Standard) is the analytical standard of Allylthiourea. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Allylthiourea can selectively inhibit the oxidation of ammonia. Allylthiourea is commonly used to inhibit nitrification by targeting ammonia monooxygenase and chelating copper in the active site to suppress its activity. Allylthiourea also exhibits anticancer activity, showing cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 cell line with an IC50 of 5.22 mM. Allylthiourea can be utilized in research related to micropollutant biodegradability and cancer studies[4].
    Allylthiourea (Standard)
  • HY-W762011R
    BDE 47 (Standard)
    		Inducer
    BDE 47 (Standard) is the analytical standard of BDE 47. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. BDE 47 targets mitochondria, inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and induces apoptosis in embryonic cell. BDE 47 induces the generation of ROS, and activates the JNK signaling pathway. BDE 47 exhibits embryonic developmental toxicity in zebrafish.
    BDE 47 (Standard)
  • HY-109654R
    Ensulizole (Standard)
    Ensulizole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ensulizole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ensulizole is a sulfonated UV absorber and can intense UVB and partial UVA absorption. Ensulizole can damage the DNA through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon UV or sunlight irradiation.
    Ensulizole (Standard)
  • HY-N2007S
    Veratric acid-d6
    Veratric acid-d6 is deuterium labeled Veratric acid. Veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid) is an orally active phenolic compound derived from vegetables and fruits, has antioxidant[1] and anti-inflammatory activities[3]. Veratric acid also acts as a protective agent against hypertension-associated cardiovascular remodelling[2]. Veratric acid reduces upregulated COX-2 expression, and levels of PGE2, IL-6 after UVB irradiation[3].
    Veratric acid-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-158023
    DHODH-IN-26
    		Inducer
    DHODH-IN-26 (compound B2) is a mitochondria-targeting DHODH inhibitor. DHODH-IN-26 shows anticancer activity, triggers the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), promots mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, and induces ferroptosis.
    DHODH-IN-26
  • HY-15923
    MAOS
    		99.98%
    MAOS is a modified Trinder’s reagent that can be used as a chromogenic probe for the determination of H2O2. MAOS is strongly dependent on the pH of the reaction medium.
    MAOS
  • HY-N7137R
    Norgestrel (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Norgestrel (Standard) is the analytical standard of Norgestrel. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Norgestrel is a synthetic analog of progesterone, a compound commonly found in oral contraceptive pill, and a powerful neuroprotective antioxidant, preventing light-induced ROS in photoreceptor cells, and cell death.
    Norgestrel (Standard)
  • HY-109583
    4-Oxofenretinide
    4-Oxofenretinide (4-Oxo-4-HPR) is a metabolite of Fenretinide (HY-15373). 4-Oxofenretinide induces cell growth inhibition in ovarian, breast, and neuroblastoma tumor cell lines. 4-Oxofenretinide causes a marked accumulation of cells in G2-M. 4-Oxofenretinide induces cancer cell apoptosis through caspase-9.
    4-Oxofenretinide
  • HY-N13063
    Anticancer agent 235
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 235 (Compound 49) is a modulator for PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, that promotes the generation of ROS, reduces the mitochondrial membrane potential, and thereby inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells HCT116, Caco-2, AGS and SMMC-772 with IC50 of 0.35-26.9 μM. Anticancer agent 235 arrests the cell cycle at G2/M phase, and induces apoptosis in HCT116.
    Anticancer agent 235
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity