2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Related Products

PDF 4.04 MB

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W015913S1
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate-d3
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate-d3 is the deuterium labeled Sodium 2-oxopropanoate[1]. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS[2][3].
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-P1184A
    HNGF6A TFA
    		Inhibitor
    HNGF6A TFA is a humanin analogue. HNGF6A TFA increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose metabolism, and has the potential for diabetes research. HNGF6A TFA inhibits of ROS production during oxidative stress. HNGF6A TFA can prevent endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in vivo.
    HNGF6A TFA
  • HY-149602
    Glutaminase C-IN-2
    		Agonist
    Glutaminase C-IN-2 (compound 11) is glutaminase C (GAC) allosteric inhibitor with an IC50 of 10.64 nM. Glutaminase C-IN-2 regulates the cellular metabolite, thereby increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) by blocking glutamine metabolism. Glutaminase C-IN-2 has anticancer effects.
    Glutaminase C-IN-2
  • HY-W001187R
    Tempo (Standard)
    		Activator
    Tempo (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tempo. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tempo is a nitric oxide radical and a selective scavenger of ROS in mitochondria. Tempo is also an organocatalyst that disproportionates superoxide and oxidizes primary alcohols to aldehydes in a catalytic cycle. Tempo has mutagenic and antioxidant effects and can induceDNA strand breaks. Tempo also exerts cytotoxic and mutagenic properties in mouse lymphoma cells[4].
    Tempo (Standard)
  • HY-N0111S
    Coenzyme Q10-d6
    Coenzyme Q10-d6 is deuterium labeled Coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.
    Coenzyme Q10-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-N0716
    Berberine
    		Activator
    Berberine (Natural Yellow 18) is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Huanglian, as an antibiotic. Berberine (Natural Yellow 18) induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibits DNA topoisomerase. Berberine (Natural Yellow 18) has antineoplastic properties. The sulfate form (HY-N0716B) improves bioavailability.
    Berberine
  • HY-B1625R
    Deferoxamine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Deferoxamine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Deferoxamine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Deferoxamine (Deferoxamine B) is an iron chelator (binds to Fe(III) and many other metal cations), is widely used to reduce iron accumulation and deposition in tissues. Deferoxamine upregulates HIF-1α levels with good antioxidant activity. Deferoxamine also shows anti-proliferative activity, can induce apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Deferoxamine can be used in studies of diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases as well as anti-cancer and anti-COVID-19.
    Deferoxamine (Standard)
  • HY-159510
    VEGFR-2-IN-51
    		Activator
    VEGFR-2-IN-51 (compound 19) is an orally active dual-target inhibitor of VEGFR-2 (IC50=15.33 μM) and tubulin (IC50=0.76 μM) with anti-tumor activity. VEGFR-2-IN-51 induces tumor cell apoptosis by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. VEGFR-2-IN-51 exerts anti-angiogenic effects by blocking the VEGFR-2/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, VEGFR-2-IN-51 has significant anti-proliferative activity against the gastric cancer cell line MGC-803 (IC50=0.005 μM).
    VEGFR-2-IN-51
  • HY-146166
    PT4
    		Activator
    PT4 is a therapeutic agent against Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). PT4 is effective against both species of Leishmania, with IC50s of 125.18 and 233.18 μM for L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis, respectively. PT4 decreases of mitochondrial membrane potential and increases production of reactive oxygen species, which leads to parasite death. PT4 has a potent in vivo anti-inflammatory activity.
    PT4
  • HY-I0301R
    D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone (Standard)
    D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone is a polyhydroxy (PHA) that is capable of metal chelating, moisturizing and antioxidant activity.
    D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone (Standard)
  • HY-161659
    Apoptosis inducer 19
    		Inducer
    Apoptosis inducer 19 (Compound 7g) is an Apoptosis inducer. Apoptosis inducer 19 elevates expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and caspase-3) and downregulates anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2). Apoptosis inducer 19 upregulates cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Apoptosis inducer 19 can be used for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) research.
    Apoptosis inducer 19
  • HY-P2755A
    Xanthine oxidase, bovine milk
    		Inducer
    Xanthine oxidase, bovine milk is a xanthine oxidoreductase enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine, and further catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid.
    Xanthine oxidase, bovine milk
  • HY-B0847R
    Propiconazole (Standard)
    		Activator
    Propiconazole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Propiconazole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Propiconazole is an orally active N-substituted triazole used as a fungicide. Propiconazole is a mouse liver hepatotoxicant and a hepatocarcinogen that has adverse reproductive and developmental toxicities in experimental animals.
    Propiconazole (Standard)
  • HY-146354
    Antiproliferative agent-4
    		Inducer
    Antiproliferative agent-4 (compound 2y) has excellent anti-proliferative activity against certain cancer cell lines. Antiproliferative agent-4 reduces the mitochondrial membrane potential, and increases the apoptosis rate and the level of ROS on EC109. Antiproliferative agent-4 inhibits tumour growth in nude mice, with low toxicity.
    Antiproliferative agent-4
  • HY-B1115AR
    Buspirone (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Buspirone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Buspirone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Buspirone is an orally active 5-HT1A receptor agonist, and a dopamine D2 autoreceptorsant antagonist. Buspirone is an anxiolytic agent, and can be used for the generalized anxiety disorder research.
    Buspirone (Standard)
  • HY-159004
    Se-DOPE
    		Modulator
    Se-DOPE is a phospholipid molecule with selenium. Se-DOPE can be used to synthesize the bifunctional Janus liposozyme. Se-DOPE promotes the production of ROS with induction of lights, scavenges the ROS with the presence of glutathione. Se-DOPE regulates redox and immune homeostasis in infected diabetic wounds.
    Se-DOPE
  • HY-D1293A
    Photosensitizer-1 hydrochloride
    Photosensitizer-1 (Compound CLB-13) hydrochloride is a photosensitizer.
    Photosensitizer-1 hydrochloride
  • HY-N0105R
    Rhein (Standard)
    Rhein (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rhein. This product is intended for research and analytical applications.
    Rhein (Standard)
  • HY-B0347S1
    Lacidipine-13C8
    Lacidipine-13C8 is the deuterium labeled Lacidipine[1]. Lacidipine is an orally active and highly selective L-type calcium channel blocker that acts on smooth muscle calcium channels, primarily dilates peripheral arteries, reduces peripheral resistance, and has long-lasting anti-hypertensive activity. Lacidipine protects HKCs from apoptosis induced by ATP depletion and recovery by modulating the caspase-3 pathway. Lacidipine can be used in studies of hypertension, atherosclerosis and acute kidney injury (AKI)[2][3].
    Lacidipine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-D0113
    7-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2(1H)-quinolone
    7-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2(1H)-quinolone (compound 2b) is a fluorescent hydroxylated product. 7-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2(1H)-quinolone can be used for detecting hydroxyl radicals of DNA damage.
    7-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2(1H)-quinolone
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity