2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-144900
    Topramezone
    		Inducer 99.95%
    Topramezone is a potent 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-HPPD) inhibitor. Topramezone is a herbicide, used for the post-emergence control of broadleaf and grass weeds in corn.
    Topramezone
  • HY-121556
    Rufigallol
    		Inducer
    Rufigallol is one of the earliest systems reported to form columnar mesophases. Rufigallol is also an oxidant agent. Rufigallol acts in a pro-oxidant fashion to produce oxygen radicals inside parasitized erythrocytes. Rufigallol has vitamin K activity and antimalarial activity.
    Rufigallol
  • HY-125662A
    BMX-001
    		Inhibitor
    BMX-001, a novel redox-active metalloporphyrin, improves islet function and engraftment in a murine transplant model. BMX-001 reduces apoptosis in human and murine islets. BMX-001 significantly improves static-glucose stimulated insulin secretion (sGSIS) responses in murine islets. BMX-001 can significantly restore euglycemia in murine islet studies in the presence of the MnSOD. BMX-001 reduces the generation of ROS in a murine islet isolation and culture model.
    BMX-001
  • HY-14771
    Imeglimin
    		Inhibitor
    Imeglimin (EMD 387008) is an oral glucose-lowering agent. Imeglimin improves insulin sensitivity. Imeglimin also reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increases mitochondrial DNA and improves mitochondrial function.
    Imeglimin
  • HY-15337R
    Hesperidin (Standard)
    Hesperidin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hesperidin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hesperidin (Hesperetin 7-rutinoside), a flavanone glycoside, is isolated from citrus fruits. Hesperidin has numerous biological properties, such as decreasing inflammatory mediators and exerting significant antioxidant effects. Hesperidin also exhibits antitumor and antiallergic activities.
    Hesperidin (Standard)
  • HY-B1975R
    Dithianon (Standard)
    		Activator
    Dithianon (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dithianon. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dithianon is a broad-spectrum anthraquinone fungicide with good adherence to the surface of leaves and fruits. Dithianon is used to control several several fungal of some fruits and vegetables, as anthracnose (Colletotrichum sp., Elsinoe ampelina), mildew (Plasmopara viticola), phomopsis (Phomopsis viticola), among others.
    Dithianon (Standard)
  • HY-17402R
    Nisoldipine (Standard)
    Nisoldipine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nisoldipine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nisoldipine (BAY-k 5552; Sular) is a highly efficient and specific L-type Cav1.2 channel blocker with an IC50 of 10 nM.
    Nisoldipine (Standard)
  • HY-W010201S
    Citronellol-d6
    		Activator
    Citronellol-d6 is deuterated labeled Linalool (HY-N0368). Linalool is a natural monoterpene which is a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. Linalool is orally active and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Linalool has anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, antidepressant, anti-stress, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and pulmonary protective activities.
    Citronellol-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-B0606A
    Diquafosol
    		Inhibitor
    Diquafosol (INS365 free base) is a potent P2Y2 agonist. Diquafosol nhibits apoptosis and decreases ROS generation. Diquafosol has the potential for the research of dry eye.
    Diquafosol
  • HY-164295
    U-78517
    		Inhibitor
    U-78517 is a potent antioxidant. U-78517 effectively inhibits DCVC-induced lipid peroxidation.
    U-78517
  • HY-N3562
    Cedrin
    		Inhibitor
    Cedrin is a natural flavonoid that can be found in Cedrus deodara. Cedrin protects PC12 cells against neurotoxicity induced by Aβ1-42. Cedrin can reduce reactive oxygen species overproduction, increase the activity of superoxide dismutase and decrease malondialdehyde content.
    Cedrin
  • HY-17402S2
    Nisoldipine-d7
    Nisoldipine-d7 (BAY-k 5552-d7) is the deuterium labeled Nisoldipine. Nisoldipine(BAY-k 5552) is a calcium channel blocker belonging to the dihydropyridines class, specific for L-type Cav1.2 with IC50 of 10 nM[1][2].
    Nisoldipine-d<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-B0223R
    Albendazole (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Albendazole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Albendazole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Albendazole (SKF-62979) is an orally active and broad-spectrum parasiticide with high effectiveness and low host toxicity, is used for the research of gastrointestinal parasites in humans and animals. Albendazole induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Albendazole also inhibits tubulin polymerization and HIF-1α, VEGF expression, has antioxidant activity, and inhibits the glycolytic process in cancer cells.
    Albendazole (Standard)
  • HY-W247098
    Dihydrorhodamine 6G
    Dihydrorhodamine 6G (DHR 6G) is the reduced form of Rhodamine 6G, which is used as fluorescent mitochondrial dye. It is nonfluorescent, but it readily enters most of the cells and is oxidized by oxidative species or by cellular redox systems to the fluorescent rhodamine 6G that accumulates in mitochondrial membranes. Dihydrorhodamine 6G is useful for detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide.
    Dihydrorhodamine 6G
  • HY-13748R
    Silybin A (Standard)
    Silybin A (Standard) is the analytical standard of Silybin A. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Silybin A (Silibinin A), an effective anti-cancer and chemopreventive agent, has been shown to exert multiple effects on cancer cells, including inhibition of both cell proliferation and migration.
    Silybin A (Standard)
  • HY-U00005
    AD 0261
    		Inhibitor
    AD 0261 is a radical scavenger which displays strong inhibitory action on the generation of lipid peroxides and superoxide anions.
    AD 0261
  • HY-B0215R
    Acetylcysteine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Acetylcysteine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Acetylcysteine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Acetylcysteine (N-Acetylcysteine) is a mucolytic agent which reduces the thickness of the mucus. Acetylcysteine is a ROS inhibitor. Acetylcysteine is a cysteine precursor, prevents hemin-induced ferroptosis by neutralizing toxic lipids generated by arachidonate-dependent activity of 5-lipoxygenases. Acetylcysteine induces cell apoptosis. Acetylcysteine also has anti-influenza virus activities.
    Acetylcysteine (Standard)
  • HY-105191
    Azalanstat
    		Inhibitor
    Azalanstat is an imidazole-dioxolane derivate that is a lanosterol 14-α demethylase inhibitor. Azalanstat is also a HO-1 (IC50 = 5.5 µM) and HO-2 (IC50 = 24.5 µM) inhibitor.
    Azalanstat
  • HY-119975
    Carazostatin
    		Inhibitor
    Carazostatin (DC118), an antioxidant, can be isolated from Streptomycs chromofuscus. Carazostatin (DC118) exhibits strong inhibitory activity against free radical-induced lipid peroxidation and shows stronger antioxidant activity in liposomal membranes than α-tocopherol (VE).
    Carazostatin
  • HY-B0688R
    Dapsone (Standard)
    Dapsone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dapsone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dapsone (4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl sulfone) is an orally active and blood-brain penetrant sulfonamide antibiotic with bacteriostatic, antimycobacterial and antiprotozoal activities. Dapsone exerts effective antileprosy activity and inhibits folate synthesis in cell extracts of M. leprae. Dapsone is used for dermatologic disorder research, including leprosy, dermatitis herpetiformis, acne vulgaris et al.
    Dapsone (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity