2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0064R
    Macelignan (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Macelignan (Standard) is the analytical standard of Macelignan. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Macelignan ((+)-Anwulignan; Anwuligan) is an orally active lignan isolated from Myristica fragrans. Macelignan possesses many pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetes, and neuroprotective activities.
    Macelignan (Standard)
  • HY-N8184
    4,4'-Dihydroxy-2,6-dimethoxydihydrochalcone
    		Inhibitor 99.64%
    4,4'-Dihydroxy-2,6-dimethoxydihydrochalcone exhibits COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity.
    4,4'-Dihydroxy-2,6-dimethoxydihydrochalcone
  • HY-147794
    COX-2-IN-18
    		Inhibitor 98.84%
    COX-2-IN-18 (Compound 3) is a potent inhibitor of COX-2. COX-2-IN-18 possesses good COX-2 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.775 μM) compared to the reference agent, Celecoxib (IC50 = 0.153 μM). COX-2-IN-18 has the potential for the research of cancer diseases.
    COX-2-IN-18
  • HY-B0808R
    Oxaprozin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Oxaprozin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oxaprozin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Oxaprozin is an orally active and potent COX inhibitor, with IC50 values of 2.2 μM for human platelet COX-1 and and 36 μM for IL-1-stimulated human synovial cell COX-2, respectively. Oxaprozin also inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Oxaprozin induces cell apoptosis. Oxaprozin shows anti-inflammatory activity. Oxaprozin-mediated inhibition of the Akt/IKK/NF-κB pathway contributes to its anti-inflammatory properties.
    Oxaprozin (Standard)
  • HY-N0261R
    Aurantio-obtusin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Aurantio-obtusin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Aurantio-obtusin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Aurantio-obtusin is a anthraquinone compound that can be extracted from cassia seed. Aurantio-obtusin has the effects of decreasing blood pressure, decreasing blood lipids and anti-inflammatory.Aurantio-obtusin is an orally active vasodilator. Aurantio-obtusin ameliorates hepatic steatosis through AMPK/ autophagy-and AMPK/TFEB mediated inhibition of lipid accumulation.
    Aurantio-obtusin (Standard)
  • HY-B0360S
    Rebamipide-d4
    		Activator ≥99.0%
    Rebamipide-d4 is deuterium labeled Rebamipide. Rebamipide is a mucoprotective agent. Rebamipide induces COX-2 expression, increases PGE2 levels, and enhances gastric mucosal defense in a COX-2-dependent manner[1].
    Rebamipide-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-119960
    AHR-10037
    		Inhibitor
    AHR-10037 is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with low gastric toxicity. AHR-10037 is a prodrug converted in vivo to a cyclooxygenase inhibitor.
    AHR-10037
  • HY-15029S2
    (±)-Naproxen-13C,d3
    (±)-Naproxen-13C,d3 is the deuterium and 13C labeled (±)-Naproxen[1]. (±)-Naproxen ((Rac)-Naproxen) is a racemate of Naproxen (HY-15030). Naproxen is a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor with IC50s of 8.72 and 5.15 μM, respectively.
    (±)-Naproxen-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-159561
    COX-1-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    COX-1-IN-2 (compound 5h) is an anti-inflammatory agent with potent analgesic activity. COX-1-IN-2 exhibits a significant inhibitory effect on COX-1 (IC50=38.76 nM).
    COX-1-IN-2
  • HY-146198
    COX-2-IN-19
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-19 (Compound 24) is a potent COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.76 μM. COX-2-IN-19 shows in vivo anti-inflammatory activity.
    COX-2-IN-19
  • HY-131258
    Ibuprofen impurity 1
    		Inhibitor
    Ibuprofen impurity 1 is an Ibuprofen impurity. Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor targeting COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively.
    Ibuprofen impurity 1
  • HY-115935
    COX-2-IN-8
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-8 (compound 6a) is a potent, selective, and orally active inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 of 6.585 uM. COX-2-IN-8 has higher COX-2 selectivity than Celecoxib. COX-2-IN-8 shows good in vivo anti-inflammatory and low ulcerogenic activity.
    COX-2-IN-8
  • HY-155764
    COX-1/2-IN-4
    		Inhibitor
    COX-1/2-IN-4 (compound 2b) is anCOX inhibitorwith IC50 values of 0.239 μM and 0.191 μM for COX-1 enzyme and COX-2 enzyme , respectively. COX-1/2-IN-4showsmoderateanticanceractivity against COLO205 and B16F1 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 30.79 and 74.15 μM, respectively.
    COX-1/2-IN-4
  • HY-18342S
    Diflunisal-d3
    		Inhibitor
    Diflunisal-d3 is the deuterium labeled Diflunisal. Diflunisal (MK-647) is a salicylate derivative with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and uricosuric properties, which is used alone as an analgesic and in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The mechanism of action of diflunisal is as a Cyclooxygenase (COX) Inhibitor.
    Diflunisal-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-150548
    COX-2/15-LOX-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2/15-LOX-IN-1 (Compound 14) is a COX-2 and 15-lipoxygenase enzyme (15-LOX) inhibitor with IC50 values of 10.65, 0.075 and 2.98 μM against COX-1, COX-2 and 15-LOX, respectively. COX-2/15-LOX-IN-1 shows anti-inflammatory activity.
    COX-2/15-LOX-IN-1
  • HY-155133
    COX-2-IN-34
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-34 (compound 8a) is a selective and orally active inhibitor of COX-2 , with an IC50 of 0.42 μM. COX-2-IN-34 has no gastric ulcer toxicity but has anti-inflammatory effects.
    COX-2-IN-34
  • HY-106579S
    Tiaprofenic acid-d3
    Tiaprofenic acid-d3 is a deuterium labeled Tiaprofenic acid. Tiaprofenic acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) mainly used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases[1].
    Tiaprofenic acid-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-B0335R
    Tolfenamic Acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Tolfenamic Acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tolfenamic Acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tolfenamic Acid (GEA 6414) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent, selectively inhibits COX-2, with an IC50 of 13.49 μM (3.53 μg/mL) in LPS-treated (COX-2) canine DH82 monocyte/macrophage cells, but shows no effect on COX-1.
    Tolfenamic Acid (Standard)
  • HY-162425
    Anti-inflammatory agent 78
    		Inhibitor
    Anti-inflammatory agent 78 (compound L-37) is a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Anti-inflammatory agent 78 has significant potency on PGE2, PGE1, COX-2 and COX-1 inhibition. Anti-inflammatory agent 78 can inhibits NO release in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell line.
    Anti-inflammatory agent 78
  • HY-162244
    COX-2-IN-40
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-40 (compound 17) is a COX-2 inhibitor with the IC50 of 14.86 μM. COX-2-IN-40 can be used for study of chronic pain.
    COX-2-IN-40
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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