2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N8435
    Desoxo-narchinol A
    		Inhibitor
    Desoxo-narchinol A is an orally active and potent anti-inflammatory agent. Desoxo-narchinol A can be isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Nardostachys jatamansi. Desoxo-narchinol A can be used for septic shock and inflammatory diseases research.
    Desoxo-narchinol A
  • HY-B2137R
    S-(+)-Ketoprofen (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    S-(+)-Ketoprofen (Standard) is the analytical standard of S-(+)-Ketoprofen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. S-(+)-Ketoprofen is a potent inhibitor of both COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 1.9 and 27 nM, respectively.
    S-(+)-Ketoprofen (Standard)
  • HY-161994
    COX-2-IN-47
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-47 (compound 6c ) is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 value of 0.03 μM. COX-2-IN-47 has antiedema activity.
    COX-2-IN-47
  • HY-121996
    Prostaglandin E2 Ethanolamide
    Prostaglandin E2 Ethanolamide (PGE2-EA), an analog of PGE2, can be formed enzymatically following COX-2 oxygenation of endocannabinoids. Prostaglandin E2 Ethanolamide (PGE2-EA) could modulate the production of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α in human blood and human monocytic cells.
    Prostaglandin E2 Ethanolamide
  • HY-N1380S
    Guaiacol-d7
    Guaiacol-d7 is the deuterium labeled Guaiacol[1]. Guaiacol, a phenolic compound, inhibits LPS-stimulated COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation[1]. Anti-inflammatory activity[2].
    Guaiacol-d<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-N0147R
    Rutaecarpine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Rutaecarpine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rutaecarpine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rutaecarpine, an alkaloid of Evodia rutaecarpa, is an inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 0.28 μM.
    Rutaecarpine (Standard)
  • HY-161513
    iNOS/COX-2-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    iNOS/COX-2-IN-1 (Compound 12e) is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). iNOS/COX-2-IN-1 inhibits the NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways and thus exerts anti-inflammatory effects.
    iNOS/COX-2-IN-1
  • HY-N13040
    Isoscoparin-7-O-glucoside
    		Inhibitor
    Isoscoparin-7-O-glucoside is a flavonoid compound found in barley leaves. The total phenolic content (TPC) of isoscoparin-7-O-glucoside is positively correlated with COX-2 inhibitory activity, indicating anti-inflammatory activity. Isoscoparin-7-O-glucoside can be used in the study of inflammation.
    Isoscoparin-7-O-glucoside
  • HY-115966
    COX-1/2-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    COX-1/2-IN-2 is a potent COX1/2 inhibitor. COX-1/2-IN-2 exhibits significant inhibitory effect against COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 13.9 ± 3.21 µM and 6.4±0.74 µM, respectively.
    COX-1/2-IN-1
  • HY-159562
    COX-2-IN-46
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-46 (compound 5m) is an anti-inflammatory agent with potent analgesic activity. COX-2-IN-46 exhibits a significant inhibitory effect on COX-2 (IC50=87.74 nM).
    COX-2-IN-46
  • HY-N0002R
    (-)-Epicatechin gallate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    (-)-Epicatechin gallate (Standard) is the analytical standard of (-)-Epicatechin gallate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (-)-Epicatechin gallate (Epicatechin gallate) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 7.5 μM.
    (-)-Epicatechin gallate (Standard)
  • HY-149270
    COX-2-IN-31
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-31 (compound 7b) is an orally active and dual inhibitor of COX-2 (IC50=60 nM) and 5-LOX (IC50=1.9 μM). COX-2-IN-31 also inhibits transmembrane hCA IX(Ki=48.9 nM) and hCA XII(Ki=5.8 nM) activity. COX-2-IN-31 exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.
    COX-2-IN-31
  • HY-N2518R
    Agnuside (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Agnuside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Agnuside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Agnuside is used in the study of asthma, inflammation, and angiogenic diseases. Agnuside is an orally active compound that can be extracted from Vitex negundo.
    Agnuside (Standard)
  • HY-115976
    COX-2-IN-10
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-10 is a potent COX-2 inhibitor. COX-2-IN-10 inhibits the production of PGE2 in concentration dependent manner (IC50=2.54 µM). COX-2-IN-10 inhibits the expression of iNOS and COX-2 on mRNA and protein level . COX-2-IN-10 inhibits the production of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β.
    COX-2-IN-10
  • HY-18763S
    Indobufen-d5
    		Inhibitor
    Indobufen-d5 is deuterium labeled Indobufen. Indobufen is a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Indobufen is a reversible platelet cyclooxygenase (Cox) activity inhibitor. Indobufen suppresses thromboxane A2 (TxA2) synthesis. Indobufen down-regulates tissue factor (TF) in monocytes[1].
    Indobufen-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-N0908R
    Ginsenoside Rg5 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ginsenoside Rg5 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ginsenoside Rg5. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ginsenoside Rg5 is the main component of Red ginseng and IGF-1R agonist. Ginsenoside Rg5 compets for the binding site of IGF-1R and blocks the binding of IGF-1 to IGF-1R (IC50 about 90 nM). Ginsenoside Rg5 also inhibits the mRNA expression of COX-2 via suppression of the DNA binding activities of NF-κB p65.
    Ginsenoside Rg5 (Standard)
  • HY-14398S1
    Celecoxib-d3
    		Inhibitor ≥99.0%
    Celecoxib-d3 is the deuterium labeled Celecoxib. Celecoxib,a selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 40 nM[1][2].
    Celecoxib-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N0149R
    Salicin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Salicin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Salicin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Salicin is a natural COX inhibitor.
    Salicin (Standard)
  • HY-N4230
    Clematomandshurica saponin B
    		Inhibitor
    Clematomandshurica saponins B shows significant inhibitory activity on cyclooxygenase-2 (IC50=2.58 mM).
    Clematomandshurica saponin B
  • HY-N8641
    Kadsulignan N
    Kadsulignan N, a natural product has anti-HIV activity (EC50: 43.56 μM). Kadsulignan N is also a COX-2 ligand (Ki: 72.24 nM).
    Kadsulignan N
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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