2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-115920
    Anti-inflammatory agent 8
    Anti-inflammatory agent 8 (compound 13) is a tilomisole-based benzimidazothiazole derivative. Anti-inflammatory agent 8 expresses activity on COX-2 enzyme more than COX-1 with an IC50 of 0.09 nM. Anti-inflammatory agent 8 is orally active.
    Anti-inflammatory agent 8
  • HY-159516
    Sabialimon P
    		Inhibitor
    Sabialimon P (compound 16) is a NO release inhibitor (IC50=18.12 μM) with anti-inflammatory activity. Sabialimon P significantly reduces the secretion of TNF-α, iNOS, IL-6 and NF-κB and inhibits the expression of COX-2 and NF-κB/p65 in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS (HY-D1056).
    Sabialimon P
  • HY-N3555
    (+)-Catechin pentaacetate
    		Inhibitor
    (+)-Catechin pentaacetate is a precursor for the production of (+) catechin (HY-N0898 ). (+) catechin is a useful natural herbicide and antimicrobial. (+)-Catechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM.
    (+)-Catechin pentaacetate
  • HY-147961
    COX-2-IN-23
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-23 (compound 9a) is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.28 and 20.14 μM for COX-2 and COX-1. COX-2-IN-23 has anti-inflammatory activity and low ulcerogenic activity.
    COX-2-IN-23
  • HY-N0632R
    Esculentoside A (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Esculentoside A (Standard) is the analytical standard of Esculentoside A. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Esculentoside A (EsA), a kind of triterpene saponin isolated from roots of Phytolacca esculenta. Esculentoside A (EsA) possesses anti-inflammatory activity in acute and chronic experimental models, has selective inhibitory activity towards cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Esculentoside A (EsA) suppresses inflammatory responses in LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) through inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ΚB) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways.
    Esculentoside A (Standard)
  • HY-146419
    Anti-inflammatory agent 20
    		Inhibitor
    Anti-inflammatory agent 20 (compound 5a) is a potent inhibitor of NO activity. Anti-inflammatory agent 20 shows anti-inflammatory activity. Anti-inflammatory agent 20 suppresses LPS-induced inflammation via inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling and thereby reducing IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2 upregulation.
    Anti-inflammatory agent 20
  • HY-N8371
    Shizukaol B
    		Inhibitor
    Shizukaol B is a lindenane-type dimeric sesquiterpene, used to be isolated from the whole plant of Chloranthus henryi. Shizukaol B has anti-inflammatory effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of BV2 microglial cells. Shizukaol B inhibits iNOS and COX-2, and suppresses NO production, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression.
    Shizukaol B
  • HY-12383S
    Pelubiprofen-13C,d3
    		Inhibitor
    Pelubiprofen-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Pelubiprofen. Pelubiprofen, an orally active and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is a member of the 2-arylpropionic acid family and has relatively selective effects on COX-2 activity. Pelubiprofen inhibits COX activity and the transforming growth factor-β activated kinase 1-IκB kinase β-NF-κB pathway, and has significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects[1].
    Pelubiprofen-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-147809
    COX-2-IN-20
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-20 (Compound 5d) is a selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 17.9 nM. COX-2-IN-20 shows anti-inflammatory activity.
    COX-2-IN-20
  • HY-17361S
    Etofenamate-d4
    		Inhibitor
    Etofenamate-d4 is the deuterium labeled Etofenamate. Etofenamate, a non-steroid anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) and a non-selective COX inhibitor, possesses analgesic, anti-rheumatic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. Etofenamate is used in the research for osteoarthritis, arthritis and other inflammatory diseases[1][2][3].
    Etofenamate-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-N0767R
    Isoorientin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Isoorientin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isoorientin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isoorientin is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 39 μM.
    Isoorientin (Standard)
  • HY-15038R
    Diclofenac potassium (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Diclofenac (potassium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Diclofenac (potassium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Diclofenac potassium is a potent and nonselective anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 4 and 1.3 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2 in CHO cells, and 5.1 and 0.84 μM for ovine COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Diclofenac potassium induces apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) via the activation of the caspase cascade.
    Diclofenac potassium (Standard)
  • HY-147870
    COX-2-IN-22
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-22 (Compound 4h) is a COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 8.6 µM. COX-2-IN-22 also inhibits AChE, BChE, β-Secretase, LOX-5 and DPPH with IC50 values of 2.8, 6.3, 15.3, 13.9 and 6.8 µM, respectively. COX-2-IN-22 can cross BBB.
    COX-2-IN-22
  • HY-126121R
    2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen is a metabolite of Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor targeting COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively.
    2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen (Standard)
  • HY-B1221S
    Flufenamic acid-d4
    		Inhibitor
    Flufenamic acid-d4 is deuterium labeled Flufenamic acid. Flufenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX), activates AMPK, and also modulates ion channels, blocking chloride channels and L-type Ca2+ channels, modulating non-selective cation channels (NSC), activating K+ channels. Flufenamic acid binds to the central pocket of TEAD2 YBD and inhibits both TEAD function and TEAD-YAP-dependent processes, such as cell migration and proliferation.
    Flufenamic acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-N2007S
    Veratric acid-d6
    		Inhibitor
    Veratric acid-d6 is deuterium labeled Veratric acid. Veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid) is an orally active phenolic compound derived from vegetables and fruits, has antioxidant[1] and anti-inflammatory activities[3]. Veratric acid also acts as a protective agent against hypertension-associated cardiovascular remodelling[2]. Veratric acid reduces upregulated COX-2 expression, and levels of PGE2, IL-6 after UVB irradiation[3].
    Veratric acid-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-125131
    Buddlejasaponin IV
    		Inhibitor
    Buddlejasaponin IV (BS‐IV) exerts anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects against cancer cells.
    Buddlejasaponin IV
  • HY-N0774R
    Isofraxidin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Isofraxidin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isofraxidin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isofraxidin, a coumarin component from Acanthopanax senticosus, inhibits MMP-7 expression and cell invasion of human hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hepatoma cells. Isofraxidin attenuates the expression of iNOS and COX-2, Isofraxidinalso inhibits TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex formation.
    Isofraxidin (Standard)
  • HY-114795
    Indomethacin heptyl ester
    		Inhibitor
    Indomethacin heptyl ester is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.04 μM, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.
    Indomethacin heptyl ester
  • HY-162166
    COX-2/15-LOX/mPGES1-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2/15-LOX/mPGES1-IN-1 (Compound 2c) is an inhibitor of COX-2, 15-LOX, and mPGES-1 enzymes with IC50 values of 0.057, 2.39, and 2.8 μM, respectively. COX-2/15-LOX/mPGES1-IN-1 possesses anti-inflammatory activity and can inhibit rat paw edema in vivo experiments.
    COX-2/15-LOX/mPGES1-IN-1
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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