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The transmembrane proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ROS is one of the last two remaining orphan receptor tyrosine kinases. Its normal expression pattern is tightly spatiotemporally restricted during development. The ectopic expression, as well as the production of variable mutant forms of ROS kinase, has been reported in a number of cancers, such as glioblastoma multiforme, and non-small cell lung cancer, suggesting a role for ROS kinase in deriving such tumors. It is thought also that the c-ROS gene may have a role in some cardiovascular diseases, and the fact that homozygous male mice targeted against the c-ROS gene are healthy but infertile has inspired researchers to think about ROS inhibition as a method for the development of new male contraceptives.
ROS1 is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase proto-oncogene that has been shown to have rearrangements with several genes in glioblastoma, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and other neoplasms, including intrachromosomal fusion with GOPC due to microdeletions at 6q22.1. ROS1 fusion events are important findings in these tumors, as they are potentially targetable alterations with newer tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Crizotinib (PF-02341066) is an orally bioavailable, ATP-competitive ALK and c-Met inhibitor with IC50s of 20 and 8 nM, respectively. Crizotinib inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of NPM-ALK and tyrosine phosphorylation of c-Met with IC50s of 24 and 11 nM in cell-based assays, respectively. Crizotinib is also a ROS1 inhibitor. Crizotinib has effective tumor growth inhibition.
Lorlatinib (PF-06463922) is a selective, orally active, brain-penetrant and ATP-competitive ROS1/ALK inhibitor with anticancer activity. Lorlatinib has Kis of <0.025 nM, <0.07 nM, and 0.7 nM for ROS1, wild type ALK, and ALKL1196M, respectively. Lorlatinib targets to EML4-ALK, and inhibits ALK phosphorylation with IC50s of 15-43 nM (ALKL1196), 14-80 nM (ALKG1269A), 38-50 nM (ALK1151Tins), 77-113 nM (ALKG1202R), respectively.
Entrectinib (NMS-E628) is an orally active, BBB-penetrated and centrally active inhibitor of TrkA/B/C, ROS1 and ALK, with IC50 values of 1, 3, 5, 12 and 7 nM, respectively. Entrectinib induces apoptosis and cycle arrest in cancer cells, has antitumor activity, and attenuates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice.
MitoPQ is a mitochondria-targeted redox cycler. MitoPQ produces superoxide by redox cycling at the flavin site of complex I, selectively increasing superoxide production within mitochondria. MitoPQ can be used in antioxidant study.
SIAIS039 is an orally active c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1)-specific PROTAC with DC50s of 154.46 nM, 126.47 nM, 143.69 nM for HCC78 cells, Ba/F3 expressing the CD74-ROS1 fusion and Ba/F3 expressing the SDC4-ROS1 fusion, respectively. SIAIS039 suppresses cell proliferation, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibits clonogenicity against ROS1-positive cells. SIAIS039 demonstrates anti-tumour effects against ROS1-driven tumor growth vivo. SIAIS039 is composed of the ALK inhibitor Brigatinib (HY-12857), a linker EM-12 (HY-138793), and a VHL ligand E3 ubiquitin ligase 1-Butyne (Red: Brigatinib; Blue: VHL ligand; Black: linker).
Lorlatinib (PF-06463922) acetate is a selective, orally active, brain-penetrant and ATP-competitive ROS1/ALK inhibitor with anticancer activity. Lorlatinib acetate has Kis of <0.025 nM, <0.07 nM, and 0.7 nM for ROS1, wild type ALK, and ALKL1196M, respectively. Lorlatinib acetate targets to EML4-ALK, and inhibits ALK phosphorylation with IC50s of 15-43 nM (ALKL1196), 14-80 nM (ALKG1269A), 38-50 nM (ALK1151Tins), 77-113 nM (ALKG1202R), respectively.
Crizotinib-d9 hydrochloride is deuterated labeled Crizotinib hydrochloride (HY-50878A). Crizotinib hydrochloride (PF-02341066 hydrochloride) is an orally bioavailable, selective, and ATP-competitive dual ALK and c-Met inhibitor with IC50s of 20 and 8 nM, respectively. Crizotinib hydrochloride (PF-02341066 hydrochloride) inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of NPM-ALK and tyrosine phosphorylation of c-Met with IC50s of 24 and 11 nM in cell-based assays, respectively. It is also a ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) inhibitor. Crizotinib hydrochloride (PF-02341066 hydrochloride) has effective tumor growth inhibition.
Cucurbitacin B belongs to a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids and is oral active. Cucurbitacin B inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion and cycle arrest, but induces cell apoptosis. Cucurbitacin B has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective activity.
L-Cystine is an orally active extracellular form of L-Cysteine (HY-Y0337), occurring in proteins of plants and animals. L-Cystine elevates Nrf2 protein expression and activates Nrf2 transcription factor. L-cystine reduces ROS generation and protects against oxidant- or Doxorubicin (HY-15142A)-induced apoptosis. L-Cystine combined with L-theanine (HY-15121) enhances the production of antigen-specific IgG by increasing glutathione (GSH) levels and T helper 2 (Th2) mediated responses in mice. L-Cystine is promising for research of cystinuria and kidney stones
Mefloquine hydrochloride (Mefloquin hydrochloride), a quinoline antimalarial agent, is an anti-SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor. Mefloquine hydrochloride is also a K+ channel (KvQT1/minK) antagonist with an IC50 of ~1 μM. Mefloquine hydrochloride can be used for malaria, systemic lupus erythematosus and cancer research.
Lactacystin is a potent, orally active, irreversible, cell-permeable, selective 20S proteasome inhibitor (IC50 = 4.8 μM). Lactacystin also inhibits the lysosomal enzymecathepsin A. Lactacystin inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosisand cell cycle arrest, and has antiviral and antioxidative activity. Lactacystin induces neurite outgrowth and hypertension. Lactacystin has the potential for the research of cancer, Neurological Disease, hypertension and Malaria, and so on[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] .
Merestinib (LY2801653) is a potent, orally bioavailable c-Met inhibitor (Ki=2 nM) with anti-tumor activities. Merestinib (LY2801653) also has potent activity against MST1R (IC50=11 nM), FLT3 (IC50=7 nM), AXL (IC50=2 nM), MERTK (IC50=10 nM), TEK (IC50=63 nM), ROS1, DDR1/2 (IC50=0.1/7 nM) and MKNK1/2 (IC50=7 nM).
Higenamine hydrochloride is a selective LSD1 inhibitor (IC50=1.47 μM) that can be isolated from aconite. Higenamine hydrochloride has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity. Higenamine (Norcoclaurine) can attenuate IL-1β-induced Apoptosis through ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Higenamine hydrochloride protects brain cells from oxygen deprivation. Higenamine can promote bone formation in osteoporosis through the SMAD2/3 pathway. Higenamine hydrochloride can be used to study cancer, inflammation, cardiorenal syndrome and other diseases.
Crizotinib hydrochloride (PF-02341066 hydrochloride) is an orally bioavailable, selective, and ATP-competitive dual ALK and c-Met inhibitor with IC50s of 20 and 8 nM, respectively. Crizotinib hydrochloride (PF-02341066 hydrochloride) inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of NPM-ALK and tyrosine phosphorylation of c-Met with IC50s of 24 and 11 nM in cell-based assays, respectively. It is also a ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) inhibitor. Crizotinib hydrochloride (PF-02341066 hydrochloride) has effective tumor growth inhibition.
Taletrectinib (DS-6051b) is a potent, orally active, and next-generation selective ROS1/NTRK inhibitor. Taletrectinib potently inhibits recombinant ROS1, NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3 with IC50s of 0.207, 0.622, 2.28, and 0.98 nM, respectively. Taletrectinib also inhibits ROS1 G2032R and other Crizotinib-resistant ROS1 mutants.
DMNQ is a redox cycling agent. DMNQ produces hydrogen peroxide in cells in a concentration-dependent manner. DMNQ can induce the increase of ROS production.
Zidesamtinib (NVL-520) is a potent, selective, orally active and brain-penetrant inhibitor of diverse ROS1 fusions and resistance mutations, with IC50s of 0.7 and 7.9 nM for wild-type ROS1 and ROS1 G2032R, respectively, and spares TRK inhibition. Zidesamtinib can be used for the research of cancer.
Salvigenin is a natural polyphenolic compound, with neuroprotective effect. Salvigenin has antitumor cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties. Salvigenin inhibits H2O2-induced cell apoptosis.
Iruplinalkib (WX-0593) is a potent, selective, and orally active inhibitor of ALK and ROS1 tyrosine kinase. Iruplinalkib (WX-0593) shows favorable safety and promising antitumor activity in advanced NSCLC with ALK or ROS1 rearrangement.
