2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-149998
    Antimycobacterial agent-5
    		Inducer
    Antimycobacterial agent-5 (compound 27) is an imidazopyridine amide targeting mycobacterial electron transport chain (ETC) airway CIII2CIV2 supercomplexes. The IC50 value of Antimycobacterial agent-5 against Mycobacterium smegmatisCIII2CIV2 is 441 nM.
    Antimycobacterial agent-5
  • HY-N2585
    Isodeoxyelephantopin
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Isodeoxyelephantopin is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Elephantopus scaber. Isodeoxyelephantopin induces ROS generation, suppresses NF-κB activation. Isodeoxyelephantopin also modulates LncRNA expression and exhibit activities against breast cancer.
    Isodeoxyelephantopin
  • HY-167825
    Barakol
    		Inducer
    Barakol is a major compound found in Cassia siamea. Barakol inhibits MMP-3 activity. Barakol potentiates the anti-metastatic effect of Doxorubicin (HY-15142). Barakol induces apoptosis, with ROS generation, increase in expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and caspase-9 activation. Barakol has laxative, anxiolytic, CNS depressant, and antioxidant, anticancer effects.
    Barakol
  • HY-B0988R
    Deferoxamine mesylate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Deferoxamine (mesylate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Deferoxamine (mesylate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Deferoxamine mesylate (Deferoxamine B mesylate) is an iron chelator (binds to Fe(III) and many other metal cations), is widely used to reduce iron accumulation and deposition in tissues. Deferoxamine mesylate upregulates HIF-1α levels with good antioxidant activity. Deferoxamine mesylate also shows anti-proliferative activity, can induce apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Deferoxamine mesylate can be used in studies of diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases as well as anti-cancer and anti-COVID-19.
    Deferoxamine mesylate (Standard)
  • HY-162319
    Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4
    		Inducer
    Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 (compound 9n) is a dual Tubulin and HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.73, 0.43, 0.62, 2.34 µM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC6, HDAC7, respectively. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 inhibits the tubulin polymerization by targeting the colchicine binding site. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 induces a significant elevation of intracellular ROS levels. Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4 shows anti-angiogenesis activity and anticancer activity.
    Tubulin/HDAC-IN-4
  • HY-N12649
    Timosaponin E2
    		Inhibitor
    Timosaponin E2 is an antiinflammatory agent, and inhibits active oxygen production.
    Timosaponin E2
  • HY-163880
    EGFR-IN-119
    		Inhibitor
    EGFR-IN-119 (Compound 5l) is an inhibitor for EGFR with an IC50 of 84.3 nM. EGFR-IN-119 inhibits the cytotoxicity in lung cancer cell A549 with an IC50 of 1.34 μM. EGFR-IN-119 downregulates the expressions of EGFR, KRAS, and MAP2K genes, exhibits antioxidant activity through reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and hyperpolarizes the mitochondrial membrane potential.
    EGFR-IN-119
  • HY-149404
    Tyrosinase-IN-12
    		99.83%
    Non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor (Tyrosinase-IN-12) is a potent, non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 49.33 ± 2.64 µM and Ki value of 31.25 ± 0.25 µM. Non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor (Tyrosinase-IN-12) have the highest radical scavenging activity to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with an IC50 value of 25.39 ± 0.77 µM. Non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor (Tyrosinase-IN-12) can be used for anti-browning substances in the food and agricultural sectors.
    Tyrosinase-IN-12
  • HY-155785
    MTP
    		Inducer
    MTP is a PKM2 inhibitor. MTP induces cancer cell apoptosis by modulating caspase-3 activation. MTP induces autophagy and increases ROS generation. MTP also inhibits JAK2 signaling. MTP can be used for research of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
    MTP
  • HY-149029
    TH-6
    		Inducer
    TH-6 is a potent HDAC inhibitor with IC50s of 0.115, 0.135, 0.242, 0.138, 2.120 µM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, HDAC8, respectively. TH-6 inhibits cell migration and invasion. TH-6 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. TH-6 shows anti-tumor activity.
    TH-6
  • HY-P0100
    AHK
    		Inhibitor
    AHK is a bioactive peptide with antioxidant effect and has been reported used as a cosmetic ingredient.
    AHK
  • HY-150755
    Topo I/COX-2-IN-2
    		Inducer
    Topo I/COX-2-IN-2 (Compound W10) is a potent dual-target inhibitor of Topo I and COX-2 with IC50 values of 0.90 μM and 2.31 μM, respectively. Topo I/COX-2-IN-2 induces cancer cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway.
    Topo I/COX-2-IN-2
  • HY-N6623
    Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride
    		Inhibitor
    Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride, an anthocyanin monomer, induces hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells cycle arrest and apoptosis. Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride inhibits the production and accumulation of ROS. Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride has anti-tumor function.
    Malvidin-3-galactoside chloride
  • HY-155784
    SPC-180002
    		Inducer
    SPC-180002 is a SIRT1/3 dual inhibitor, with IC50 values of 1.13 and 5.41 μM, respectively. SPC-180002 disturbs redox homeostasis via ROS generation, which leads to an increase in both p21 protein stability and mitochondrial dysfunction. SPC-180002 strongly inhibits cell cycle progression and cancer cell growth. SPC-180002 activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
    SPC-180002
  • HY-D1293
    Photosensitizer-1
    Photosensitizer-1 (Compound CLB-13) is a photosensitizer.
    Photosensitizer-1
  • HY-147772
    ZC0101
    		Inducer
    ZC0101 is a potent, orally active IDO1 and TrxR dual inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.084 μM and 7.98 μM, respectively. ZC0101 effectively induces apoptosis and ROS accumulation in cancer cells.
    ZC0101
  • HY-159149
    Antitumor agent-182
    		Inducer
    Antitumor agent-182 (Compound 12a) decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and enhances ROS levels. Antitumor agent-182 arrests the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, induces apoptosis in HeLa. Antitumor agent-182 inhibits the proliferation of HeLa, PC-3 and HCT-15 with IC50s of 8.83, 10.07 and 7.84 μM, respectively.
    Antitumor agent-182
  • HY-162402
    NLRP3-IN-33
    		Inhibitor
    NLRP3-IN-33 (Compound 12o) is a blood-brain barrier permeable inhibitor of AChE and BChE, with IC50 values of 1.02 μM and 7.03 μM against hAChE and hBChE respectively. NLRP3-IN-33 possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metal chelating activities, making it a potential candidate for research in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
    NLRP3-IN-33
  • HY-151430
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 1
    		Inhibitor
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 1 (Compound 24) is a potent Nrf2/HO-1 activator, neuroprotective agent. Nrf2/HO-1 activator 1 shows neuroprotective and antioxidant activities. Nrf2/HO-1 activator 1 can be used in Parkinson's disease (PD) research.
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 1
  • HY-146170
    Anticancer agent 69
    		Activator
    Anticancer agent 69 (Compound 34), a potent and selective anticancer agent , potently and selectively inhibits human prostate cancer cell line PC3 (IC50=26 nM). Anticancer agent 69 increases ROS level, down-regulates EGFR and induces apoptosis.
    Anticancer agent 69
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity