2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-155031
    MCI
    		Inhibitor
    MCI alleviates inflammation by macrophage reprogramming via targeting ROS scavenging and COX-2 downregulation. MCI inhibits COX-2 with an IC50 value of 1.23 μM. MCI has significant anti-inflammatory effects in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) models. MCI can be used in research for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
    MCI
  • HY-101193S
    Zinc Protoporphyrin-d2,15N2
    Zinc Protoporphyrin-d2,15N2 is 15N and deuterated labeled Zinc Protoporphyrin (HY-101193). Zinc Protoporphyrin (Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX) is an orally active and competitive heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor and markedly attenuates the protective effects of Phloroglucinol (PG) against H2O2. Zinc Protoporphyrin is used as a screening marker of iron deficiency in individual pregnant women and children, but also to assess population iron status in combination with haemoglobin concentration. Zinc Protoporphyrin has anti-cancer activity.
    Zinc Protoporphyrin-d<sub>2</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-159605
    Autophagy inducer 5
    		Inducer
    Autophagy inducer 5 (compound 21o) is a potent MCF-7 inhibitor (IC50: 2 μM), and a potential breast cancer inhibitor. Autophagy inducer 5 induces cellular autophagy by activating the ROS/JNK signaling pathway, which increases ROS generation and JNK phosphorylation, exerting cytotoxic effects.
    Autophagy inducer 5
  • HY-114977R
    Avenanthramide A (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Avenanthramide A (Standard) is the analytical standard of Avenanthramide A. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Avenanthramide A is a phytoalexin, which can be found in oats (Avena sativa L.). Avenanthramide A targets the RNA helicase DDX3, leads to mitochondrial swelling and increased ROS production, and induces apoptosis in CRC cells. Avenanthramide A exhibits antitumor efficacy in mouse model. Avenanthramide A orally active.
    Avenanthramide A (Standard)
  • HY-N10638
    N-Acetyldopamine dimer-2
    		Inhibitor
    N-Acetyldopamine dimer-2 (compound 2) is a N-acetyldopamine dimer that can be isolated from the yellow powder form Periostracum Cicadae with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. N-Acetyldopamine dimer-2 inhibits oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, ROS generation, NO production, and NF-κB activity.
    N-Acetyldopamine dimer-2
  • HY-143491
    VS 8
    		Inducer
    VS 8 (Compound VS 8) is a potent, orally active VEGFR-2 inhibitor with significant anti-angiogenic effects. VS 8 induces cancer cell apoptosis and migration. VS 8 is active against CSCs (Cancer stem cells).
    VS 8
  • HY-135849A
    Catalase, Bovine Liver
    Catalase, Bovine Liver is an enzyme widely found in various organisms, including animals, plants and microorganisms. Catalase, Bovine Liver mainly exists in the peroxisome of cells and is an important antioxidant enzyme. Catalase, Bovine Liver plays an important role in removing ROS and maintaining the balance of redox state. Catalase, Bovine Liver is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Catalase, Bovine Liver has the potential to be used in tumor prevention research.
    Catalase, Bovine Liver
  • HY-155203
    Anticancer agent 154
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 154 (Compound 8h) increases the levels of reactive oxygen species and leads to mitochondrial damage. Anticancer agent 154 induces cell apoptosis and DNA damage. Anticancer agent 154 also induces ferroptosis by reducing the GSH level and GPX4 expression and increasing the lipid peroxidation level. Anticancer agent 154 inhibits cancer cell (HT29, H1975, A549, and MCF-7) proliferation with IC50s of 1.0-1.9 μM.
    Anticancer agent 154
  • HY-146390
    Antiproliferative agent-5
    		Inducer
    Antiproliferative agent-5 (compound 4o) can significantly and irreversibly inhibit proliferation of gastric cancer cells. Antiproliferative agent-5 causes the G2/M phase arrest, and induces ROS accumulation and activation of autophagy. Antiproliferative agent-5 can be used for researching anticancer.
    Antiproliferative agent-5
  • HY-159152
    PQM-164
    		Inhibitor
    PQM-164 (Compound 3e) has antioxidant activity (IC50: 0.93 μM for DPPH radical). PQM-164 shows anti-inflammatory activity against 6-OHDA (HY-B1081A)-induced neuronal damage in activated microglial cells. PQM-164 decreases the accumulation of α-synuclein. PQM-164 promotes nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and its transcriptional activity. PQM-164 can be used for research of Parkinson’s disease.
    PQM-164
  • HY-N0683S1
    α-Vitamin E-13C3
    α-Vitamin E-13C3 is the 13C-labeled α-Vitamin E. α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant[1][2].
    α-Vitamin E-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N4278
    Huangjiangsu A
    Huangjiangsu A, pseudoprotodioscin, methyl protobioside, protodioscin, and protodeltonin, isolated from D. villosa. Huangjiangsu A has hepatoprotective potential against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and ROS generation and could be promising as potential therapeutic agents for liver diseases.
    Huangjiangsu A
  • HY-17402S
    Nisoldipine-d6
    Nisoldipine-d6 is the deuterium labeled Nisoldipine. Nisoldipine(BAY-k 5552; Sular) is a calcium channel blocker belonging to the dihydropyridines class, specific for L-type Cav1.2 with an IC50 of 10 nM.
    Nisoldipine-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-159515
    PBE-AMF
    		Activator
    PBE-AMF is a prodrug that activates H2O2 with anticancer activity. PBE-AMF impedes tumor proliferation by inhibiting DNA synthesis, reducing ATP levels, inducing apoptosis, and arresting the cell cycle. PBE-AMF potently and selectively inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50=6.4 μM) while sparing non-cancerous MCF-10A cells.
    PBE-AMF
  • HY-168030
    hCAIX-IN-23
    hCAIX-IN-23 (Compound 27) is a human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) inhibitor with Ki values of 10.4 and 8.5 nM for hCA IX and hCA XII, respectively. In addition to inhibiting hCA activity, hCAIX-IN-23 releases NO, exhibiting dual antitumor activity. hCAIX-IN-23 induces apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial caspase activity and the ferroptosis pathway (ferroptosis) through the downregulation of hCA IX and iron-regulatory protein expression. hCAIX-IN-23 is useful for renal cancer research.
    hCAIX-IN-23
  • HY-168031
    AChE/BChE-IN-21
    		Inhibitor
    AChE/BChE-IN-21 is a histamine H3 receptor antagonist, calcium channel blocker, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. AChE/BChE-IN-21 exhibits neuroprotective activity against H2O2 and Aβ1-40, and can restore cognitive function in AD mice.
    AChE/BChE-IN-21
  • HY-N8804
    Shatavarin IV
    		Inhibitor
    Shatavarin IV is a steroidal saponin, that can be isolated from the roots of Asparagus racemosus (Liliaceae). Shatavarin IV shows anticancer activity. Shatavarin IV elicits lifespan extension and alleviates Parkinsonism in Caenorhabditis elegans.
    Shatavarin IV
  • HY-163862
    PPARα agonist 3
    		Inhibitor
    PPARα agonist 3 (Compound A229) is a PPARα agonist (EC50: 590 nM). PPARα agonist 3 inhibits TBHP or 4-HNE (HY-113466)-induced production of ROS.
    PPARα agonist 3
  • HY-161329
    NLRP3-IN-32
    		Inhibitor
    NLRP3-IN-32 (compound 7a), a 3, 4-dihydronaphthalene-1(2H)-one derivative, is a potential NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles inhibitor. NLRP3-IN-32 can block the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by down-regulating the expression of NLPR3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other inflammatory mediators. NLRP3-IN-32 inhibits the phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κB/p65 and the nuclear translocation of p65, thereby inhibiting NF-κB signaling.
    NLRP3-IN-32
  • HY-115713
    Heme Oxygenase-1-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    Heme Oxygenase-1-IN-2 is a novel heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.95 μM) with potent in vitro antiproliferative activity.
    Heme Oxygenase-1-IN-2
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity