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Pathways Recommended:	MAPK/ERK Pathway Neuronal Signaling JAK/STAT Signaling

Results for "

MAPK/ERK signaling pathway

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	ERK (13) p38 MAPK (4) Akt (1) Apoptosis (7) Arginase (1) Atg8/LC3 (2) Autophagy (2) Caspase (1) COX (2) FAK (2) Fungal (2) Histone Methyltransferase (1) Interleukin Related (1) JAK (1) JNK (1) Necroptosis (2) NF-κB (2) NO Synthase (1) p62 (2) PAK (1) Parasite (2) PI3K (2) Ras (1) Reactive Oxygen Species (2) STAT (3) TNF Receptor (3) Topoisomerase (2) Wnt (1) β-catenin (1)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (14) Cardiovascular Disease (2) Infection (1) Inflammation/Immunology (9) Metabolic Disease (1) Neurological Disease (4)

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

Peptides

Natural
Products

Targets Recommended: ERK p38 MAPK RGS Protein MAP4K MNK MAPKAPK2 (MK2)

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-119272

EF24 1 Publications Verification	ERK Caspase	Cancer
EF24 is a curcumin analogue with greater anti-tumor efficacy and oral bioavailability via deactivation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). EF24 treatment increases the levels of activated caspase 3 and 9, and decreases the phosphorylated forms of MEK1 and ERK .

HY-N8303

Gardenin A	ERK PAK	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Gardenin A is an orally active and synthetic PMF analogue with the neurotrophic effect for neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation. Gardenin A promotes neuritogenesis via activating *MAPK/ERK, PKC, and PKA, but not TrkA, CREB signaling* pathways. Gardenin A also has sedative, anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anticonvulsant effects .

HY-N0498

Nitidine chloride 3 Publications Verification	Parasite Apoptosis STAT Topoisomerase ERK FAK p38 MAPK NF-κB	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Nitidine chloride, a potential anti-malarial lead compound derived from Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb) DC, exerts potent anticancer activity through diverse pathways, including inducing apoptosis, inhibiting STAT3 signaling cascade, DNA topoisomerase 1 and 2A, *ERK* and c-Src/FAK associated signaling pathway, also has anti-inflammatory activity. Nitidine chloride inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines production via *MAPK* and NF-kB pathway .

HY-145026

ERK1/2 inhibitor 4	ERK	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
ERK1/2 inhibitor 5 is a potent inhibitor of *ERK1/2. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays an extremely important role in the signal* transduction pathway, and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) is a member of the MAPK family. ERK1/2 inhibitor 5 has the potential for the research or prevention of cancer, inflammation or other proliferative diseases (extracted from patent WO2020238776A1) .

HY-145027

ERK1/2 inhibitor 5	ERK	Cancer
ERK1/2 inhibitor 5 is a potent inhibitor of *ERK1/2. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays an extremely important role in the signal* transduction pathway, and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) is a member of the MAPK family. ERK1/2 inhibitor 5 has the potential for the research or prevention of cancer, inflammation or other proliferative diseases (extracted from patent WO2020238776A1) .

HY-145025

ERK1/2 inhibitor 3	ERK	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
ERK1/2 inhibitor 3 is a potent inhibitor of *ERK1/2. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays an extremely important role in the signal* transduction pathway, and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) is a member of the MAPK family. ERK1/2 inhibitor 3 has the potential for the research or prevention of cancer, inflammation or other proliferative diseases (extracted from patent WO2021218912A1, compound 1) .

HY-145028

ERK1/2 inhibitor 6	ERK	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
ERK1/2 inhibitor 6 is a potent inhibitor of *ERK1/2. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays an extremely important role in the signal* transduction pathway, and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) is a member of the MAPK family. ERK1/2 inhibitor 6 has the potential for the research or prevention of cancer, inflammation or other proliferative diseases (extracted from patent WO2021063335A1, compound 1) .

HY-N6674

Diazepinomicin ECO-4601; TLN-4601; BU 4664L	Ras Apoptosis	Cancer
Diazepinomicin (TLN-4601) is a secondary metabolite produced by Micromonospora sp. Diazepinomicin (TLN-4601) inhibits the EGF-induced Ras-ERK MAPK signaling pathway and induces apoptosis. An anti-tumor agent for K-Ras mutant models .

HY-162939

TB22	Histone Methyltransferase	Cancer
TB22 is a non-nucleoside inhibitor of DOT1LR231Q, possessing anticancer activity. TB22 inhibits the malignant phenotype of lung cancer cells carrying the R231Q mutation through the *MAPK/ERK* signaling pathway, and can be used for lung cancer research .

HY-N0498R

Nitidine chloride (Standard)	Parasite Apoptosis STAT Topoisomerase ERK FAK p38 MAPK NF-κB	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Nitidine (chloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nitidine (chloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nitidine chloride, a potential anti-malarial lead compound derived from Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb) DC, exerts potent anticancer activity through diverse pathways, including inducing apoptosis, inhibiting STAT3 signaling cascade, DNA topoisomerase 1 and 2A, ERK and c-Src/FAK associated signaling pathway. Nitidine chloride inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines production via MAPK and NF-kB pathway .

HY-126858

Ambuic acid (+)-Ambuic acid	ERK JNK NO Synthase COX	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Ambuic acid exhibits antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with IC₅₀ of 43.9 μM for strain ATCC 6538. Ambuic acid is an inhbitor for the biosynthesis of cyclic peptide quorum sensing molecules (quormones) in gram-positive bacteria. Ambuic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through ERK/JNK/MAPK signaling pathway .

HY-N2963

Broussonin E	ERK p38 MAPK JAK STAT TNF Receptor Interleukin Related COX Arginase	Inflammation/Immunology
Broussonin E is a phenolic compound and shows anti-inflammatory activity. Broussonin E can suppress inflammation by modulating macrophages activation statevia inhibiting the *ERK* and p38 MAPK and enhancing JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway. Broussonin E can be used for the research of inflammation-related diseases such as atherosclerosis .

HY-N0104

Curcumol Maximum Cited Publications 7 Publications Verification (-)-Curcumol	Apoptosis	Cancer
Curcumol ((-)-Curcumol), a bioactive sesquiterpenoid, possesses numerous pharmacological activities like anticancer, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiinflammatory. Curcumol is a potent inducer of apoptosis in numerous cancer cells via targeting key signaling pathways as MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt and NF-κB which are generally deregulated in several cancers .

HY-N2375

L-Quebrachitol	Wnt β-catenin p38 MAPK	Metabolic Disease
L-Quebrachitol is a methoxy analog of inositol isolated from plants, which has free-radical scavenging, gastroprotection, anti-platelet aggregation and anti-diabetic activity. L-Quebrachitol promotes osteoblastogenesis by uppregulation of BMP-2, runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), *MAPK* (ERK, JNK, p38α), and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway .

HY-N0104R

Curcumol (Standard)	Apoptosis	Cancer
Curcumol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Curcumol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Curcumol ((-)-Curcumol), a bioactive sesquiterpenoid, possesses numerous pharmacological activities like anticancer, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiinflammatory. Curcumol is a potent inducer of apoptosis in numerous cancer cells via targeting key signaling pathways as MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt and NF-κB which are generally deregulated in several cancers .

HY-P4322

H-Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val-OH 1 Publications Verification	ERK Akt	Neurological Disease Cancer
H-Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val-OH is one of the most potent active sites of laminin-1. H-Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val-OH promotes cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, and tumor growth. H-Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val-OH stimulates BMMSC population growth and proliferation by activating *MAPK/ERK1/2* and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways .

HY-N9541

Chaetoglobosin Vb	Others	Inflammation/Immunology
Chaetoglobosin Vb is a novel cytotoxic alkaloid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Chaetoglobosin Vb can inhibit oxidative stress induced by LPS stimulation, reduce the production of reactive oxygen species and increase the expression of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Chaetoglobosin Vb significantly reduced the gene and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) induced by LPS, and alleviated the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Chaetoglobosin Vb exerts its biological activity through the TLR4-mediated MyD88-dependent signaling pathway and the TRIF-dependent signaling pathway, which is specifically manifested by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and JNK MAPK and the translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit to the nucleus. Chaetoglobosin Vb showed no cytotoxic effect in the concentration range of 25-100 μM and promoted SOD enzyme activity and phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2 and JNK in a dose-dependent manner .

HY-W010201

Citronellol 2 Publications Verification (±)-Citronellol; (±)-β-Citronellol	Reactive Oxygen Species ERK PI3K TNF Receptor Atg8/LC3 p62 Apoptosis Necroptosis Autophagy Fungal	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Cancer
Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is an orally active inducer of apoptosis. Citronellol can prevent oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell Parkinson's disease model induced by 6-OHDA by regulating the ROS-NO, *MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt* signaling pathways. Citronellol can induce necroptosis in human lung cancer cells through the TNF-α pathway and accumulation of ROS. Citronellol can reduce the levels of LC-3 and p62 to regulate the autophagy pathway, inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and thus have neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's rats. Citronellol exhibits anti-fungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis .

HY-W010201R

Citronellol (Standard) (±)-Citronellol (Standard); (±)-β-Citronellol (Standard)	Reactive Oxygen Species ERK PI3K TNF Receptor Atg8/LC3 p62 Apoptosis Necroptosis Autophagy Fungal	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Cancer
Citronellol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Citronellol. Citronellol (Standard) is an orally active inducer of apoptosis. Citronellol (Standard) can prevent oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell Parkinson's disease model induced by 6-OHDA by regulating the ROS-NO, *MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt* signaling pathways. Citronellol (Standard) can induce necroptosis in human lung cancer cells through the TNF-α pathway and accumulation of ROS. Citronellol (Standard) can reduce the levels of LC-3 and p62 to regulate the autophagy pathway, inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and thus have neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's rats. Citronellol (Standard) exhibits anti-fungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis .

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-L010

MAPK Compound Library	544 compounds
MAPK families play an important role in complex cellular programs like proliferation, differentiation, development, transformation, and apoptosis. In mammalian cells, four MAPK families have been clearly characterized: ERK1/2, C-Jun N-terminal kinse/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK) , p38 kinase and ERK5. They respond to different signals. Each MAPK-related cascade consists of three enzymes that are activated in series: a MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK), a MAPK kinase (MAPKK) and a MAP kinase (MAPK). MAPK signaling pathways has been implicated in the development of many human diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and various types of cancers. MCE designs a unique collection of 544 MAPK signaling pathway inhibitors that act as a useful tool for MAPK-related drug screening and disease research.

MAPK Compound Library

544 compounds

MAPK families play an important role in complex cellular programs like proliferation, differentiation, development, transformation, and apoptosis. In mammalian cells, four MAPK families have been clearly characterized: ERK1/2, C-Jun N-terminal kinse/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK) , p38 kinase and ERK5. They respond to different signals. Each MAPK-related cascade consists of three enzymes that are activated in series: a MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK), a MAPK kinase (MAPKK) and a MAP kinase (MAPK). MAPK signaling pathways has been implicated in the development of many human diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and various types of cancers.

MCE designs a unique collection of 544 MAPK signaling pathway inhibitors that act as a useful tool for MAPK-related drug screening and disease research.

HY-L045

Oxygen Sensing Compound Library	2,656 compounds
Oxygen homeostasis regulation is the most fundamental cellular process for adjusting physiological oxygen variations, and its irregularity leads to various human diseases, including cancer. Hypoxia is closely associated with cancer development, and hypoxia/oxygen-sensing signaling plays critical roles in the modulation of cancer progression. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that functions as a master regulator of oxygen homeostasis. A variety of HF-1 target genes have been identified thus far which encode proteins that play key roles in critical developmental and physiological processes including angiogenesis/vascular remodeling, erythropoiesis, glucose transport, glycolysis, iron transport, and cell proliferation/survival. HIF-1 is a heterodimeric transcription factor consisting of a constitutively expressed β-subunit and an oxygen-regulated α-subunit. The unique feature of HIF-1 is the regulation of HIF-1α expression and activity based upon the cellular O₂ concentration. Under normoxic conditions, hydroxylation of HIF-1α on these different proline residues is essential for HIF proteolytic degradation by promoting interaction with the von Hippel-Lindau tumor-suppressor protein (pVHL) through hydrogen bonding to the hydroxyproline-binding pocket in the pVHL β-domain. As oxygen levels decrease, hydroxylation of HIF decreases; HIF-1α then no longer binds pVHL, and becomes stabilized, allowing more of the protein to translocate to the cell’s nucleus, where it acts as a transcription factor, upregulating (often within minutes) the production of proteins that stimulate blood perfusion in tissues and thus tissue oxygenation. MCE offers a unique collection of 2,656 oxygen sensing related compounds targeting HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, etc. MCE Oxygen Sensing Compound Library is a useful tool to study hypoxia, oxidative stress and discover new anti-cancer drugs.

Oxygen Sensing Compound Library

2,656 compounds

Oxygen homeostasis regulation is the most fundamental cellular process for adjusting physiological oxygen variations, and its irregularity leads to various human diseases, including cancer. Hypoxia is closely associated with cancer development, and hypoxia/oxygen-sensing signaling plays critical roles in the modulation of cancer progression.

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that functions as a master regulator of oxygen homeostasis. A variety of HF-1 target genes have been identified thus far which encode proteins that play key roles in critical developmental and physiological processes including angiogenesis/vascular remodeling, erythropoiesis, glucose transport, glycolysis, iron transport, and cell proliferation/survival.

HIF-1 is a heterodimeric transcription factor consisting of a constitutively expressed β-subunit and an oxygen-regulated α-subunit. The unique feature of HIF-1 is the regulation of HIF-1α expression and activity based upon the cellular O₂ concentration. Under normoxic conditions, hydroxylation of HIF-1α on these different proline residues is essential for HIF proteolytic degradation by promoting interaction with the von Hippel-Lindau tumor-suppressor protein (pVHL) through hydrogen bonding to the hydroxyproline-binding pocket in the pVHL β-domain. As oxygen levels decrease, hydroxylation of HIF decreases; HIF-1α then no longer binds pVHL, and becomes stabilized, allowing more of the protein to translocate to the cell’s nucleus, where it acts as a transcription factor, upregulating (often within minutes) the production of proteins that stimulate blood perfusion in tissues and thus tissue oxygenation.

MCE offers a unique collection of 2,656 oxygen sensing related compounds targeting HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, etc. MCE Oxygen Sensing Compound Library is a useful tool to study hypoxia, oxidative stress and discover new anti-cancer drugs.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P4322

H-Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val-OH 1 Publications Verification	ERK Akt	Neurological Disease Cancer
H-Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val-OH is one of the most potent active sites of laminin-1. H-Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val-OH promotes cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, and tumor growth. H-Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val-OH stimulates BMMSC population growth and proliferation by activating *MAPK/ERK1/2* and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways .

Gardenin A	Structural Classification Flavonoids Flavones Source classification Rutaceae Plants Citrus reticulata Blanco	ERK PAK
Gardenin A is an orally active and synthetic PMF analogue with the neurotrophic effect for neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation. Gardenin A promotes neuritogenesis via activating *MAPK/ERK, PKC, and PKA, but not TrkA, CREB signaling* pathways. Gardenin A also has sedative, anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anticonvulsant effects .

Nitidine chloride 3 Publications Verification	Alkaloids Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Source classification Rutaceae Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. Plants Isoquinoline Alkaloids Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields	Parasite Apoptosis STAT Topoisomerase ERK FAK p38 MAPK NF-κB
Nitidine chloride, a potential anti-malarial lead compound derived from Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb) DC, exerts potent anticancer activity through diverse pathways, including inducing apoptosis, inhibiting STAT3 signaling cascade, DNA topoisomerase 1 and 2A, *ERK* and c-Src/FAK associated signaling pathway, also has anti-inflammatory activity. Nitidine chloride inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines production via *MAPK* and NF-kB pathway .

Broussonin E	Structural Classification Thymelaeaceae Source classification Daphne giraldii Nitsche Phenols Polyphenols Plants	ERK p38 MAPK JAK STAT TNF Receptor Interleukin Related COX Arginase
Broussonin E is a phenolic compound and shows anti-inflammatory activity. Broussonin E can suppress inflammation by modulating macrophages activation statevia inhibiting the *ERK* and p38 MAPK and enhancing JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway. Broussonin E can be used for the research of inflammation-related diseases such as atherosclerosis .

Curcumol Maximum Cited Publications 7 Publications Verification (-)-Curcumol	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Source classification Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton Plants Disease Research Fields Zingiberaceae Cancer	Apoptosis
Curcumol ((-)-Curcumol), a bioactive sesquiterpenoid, possesses numerous pharmacological activities like anticancer, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiinflammatory. Curcumol is a potent inducer of apoptosis in numerous cancer cells via targeting key signaling pathways as MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt and NF-κB which are generally deregulated in several cancers .

L-Quebrachitol	Structural Classification Natural Products other families Classification of Application Fields Source classification Metabolic Disease Plants Disease Research Fields	Wnt β-catenin p38 MAPK
L-Quebrachitol is a methoxy analog of inositol isolated from plants, which has free-radical scavenging, gastroprotection, anti-platelet aggregation and anti-diabetic activity. L-Quebrachitol promotes osteoblastogenesis by uppregulation of BMP-2, runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), *MAPK* (ERK, JNK, p38α), and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway .

Citronellol 2 Publications Verification (±)-Citronellol; (±)-β-Citronellol	Structural Classification Other Monoterpenes Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Source classification Plants Geraniaceae Disease Research Fields Cancer	Reactive Oxygen Species ERK PI3K TNF Receptor Atg8/LC3 p62 Apoptosis Necroptosis Autophagy Fungal
Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is an orally active inducer of apoptosis. Citronellol can prevent oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell Parkinson's disease model induced by 6-OHDA by regulating the ROS-NO, *MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt* signaling pathways. Citronellol can induce necroptosis in human lung cancer cells through the TNF-α pathway and accumulation of ROS. Citronellol can reduce the levels of LC-3 and p62 to regulate the autophagy pathway, inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and thus have neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's rats. Citronellol exhibits anti-fungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis .

Nitidine chloride (Standard)	Alkaloids Structural Classification Source classification Rutaceae Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. Plants Isoquinoline Alkaloids	Parasite Apoptosis STAT Topoisomerase ERK FAK p38 MAPK NF-κB
Nitidine (chloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nitidine (chloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nitidine chloride, a potential anti-malarial lead compound derived from Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb) DC, exerts potent anticancer activity through diverse pathways, including inducing apoptosis, inhibiting STAT3 signaling cascade, DNA topoisomerase 1 and 2A, ERK and c-Src/FAK associated signaling pathway. Nitidine chloride inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines production via MAPK and NF-kB pathway .

Ambuic acid (+)-Ambuic acid	Structural Classification Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification	ERK JNK NO Synthase COX
Ambuic acid exhibits antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with IC₅₀ of 43.9 μM for strain ATCC 6538. Ambuic acid is an inhbitor for the biosynthesis of cyclic peptide quorum sensing molecules (quormones) in gram-positive bacteria. Ambuic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through ERK/JNK/MAPK signaling pathway .

Curcumol (Standard)	Structural Classification Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Source classification Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton Plants Zingiberaceae	Apoptosis
Curcumol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Curcumol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Curcumol ((-)-Curcumol), a bioactive sesquiterpenoid, possesses numerous pharmacological activities like anticancer, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiinflammatory. Curcumol is a potent inducer of apoptosis in numerous cancer cells via targeting key signaling pathways as MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt and NF-κB which are generally deregulated in several cancers .

Chaetoglobosin Vb	Structural Classification Alkaloids Microorganisms Pyrrole Alkaloids Source classification	Others
Chaetoglobosin Vb is a novel cytotoxic alkaloid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Chaetoglobosin Vb can inhibit oxidative stress induced by LPS stimulation, reduce the production of reactive oxygen species and increase the expression of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Chaetoglobosin Vb significantly reduced the gene and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) induced by LPS, and alleviated the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Chaetoglobosin Vb exerts its biological activity through the TLR4-mediated MyD88-dependent signaling pathway and the TRIF-dependent signaling pathway, which is specifically manifested by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and JNK MAPK and the translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit to the nucleus. Chaetoglobosin Vb showed no cytotoxic effect in the concentration range of 25-100 μM and promoted SOD enzyme activity and phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2 and JNK in a dose-dependent manner .

Citronellol (Standard) (±)-Citronellol (Standard); (±)-β-Citronellol (Standard)	Structural Classification Other Monoterpenes Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Source classification Plants Geraniaceae Disease Research Fields Cancer	Reactive Oxygen Species ERK PI3K TNF Receptor Atg8/LC3 p62 Apoptosis Necroptosis Autophagy Fungal
Citronellol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Citronellol. Citronellol (Standard) is an orally active inducer of apoptosis. Citronellol (Standard) can prevent oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell Parkinson's disease model induced by 6-OHDA by regulating the ROS-NO, *MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt* signaling pathways. Citronellol (Standard) can induce necroptosis in human lung cancer cells through the TNF-α pathway and accumulation of ROS. Citronellol (Standard) can reduce the levels of LC-3 and p62 to regulate the autophagy pathway, inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and thus have neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's rats. Citronellol (Standard) exhibits anti-fungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis .

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