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Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is an orally active inducer of apoptosis. Citronellol can prevent oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell Parkinson's disease model induced by 6-OHDA by regulating the ROS-NO, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Citronellol can induce necroptosis in human lung cancer cells through the TNF-α pathway and accumulation of ROS. Citronellol can reduce the levels of LC-3 and p62 to regulate the autophagy pathway, inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and thus have neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's rats. Citronellol exhibits anti-fungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is an orally active inducer of apoptosis. Citronellol can prevent oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell Parkinson's disease model induced by 6-OHDA by regulating the ROS-NO, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Citronellol can induce necroptosis in human lung cancer cells through the TNF-α pathway and accumulation of ROS. Citronellol can reduce the levels of LC-3 and p62 to regulate the autophagy pathway, inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and thus have neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's rats. Citronellol exhibits anti-fungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis[2][4][6][7].
Agonist activity at rat TRPA1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration by Fluo-4-AM dye based spectrofluorimetry
Agonist activity at rat TRPA1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration by Fluo-4-AM dye based spectrofluorimetry
Antagonist activity against rat TRPA1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of AITC-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration by Fluo-4-AM dye based spectrofluorimetry
Antagonist activity against rat TRPA1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of AITC-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration by Fluo-4-AM dye based spectrofluorimetry
Antagonist activity against rat TRPM8 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of icilin-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration by Fluo-4-AM dye based spectrofluorimetry
Antagonist activity against rat TRPM8 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of icilin-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration by Fluo-4-AM dye based spectrofluorimetry
Antagonist activity against human TRPV1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of capsaicin-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration by Fluo-4-AM dye based spectrofluorimetry
Antagonist activity against human TRPV1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of capsaicin-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration by Fluo-4-AM dye based spectrofluorimetry
Citronellol (50, 100 μg/mL, 72 h) can prevent oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell Parkinson's disease model induced by 6-OHDA by regulating the ROS-NO, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways[2].
Citronellol can be used as a skin contact allergen after forming hydrogen peroxide through self oxidation[3].
Citronellol (0-100 μg/mL, 48 h) can induce necrotic apoptosis in human lung cancer cell line NCI-H1299 through the TNF-α pathway and accumulation of reactive oxygen species[6].
Citronellol (0-100 μg/mL, 48 h) exhibits cytotoxicity towards A549, NCI-H1299, NCI-H23, BT-20, and PC3 cells, with IC50 values of 54.02, 40.64, 52.51, 45.84, and 50.1 μg/mL, respectively[6].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Improved the cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells treated with 6-OHDA, reaching levels of 96.25% and 97.56% at concentrations of 50 μ g/mL and 100 μg/mL, respectively.
NSCLC cells A549, NCI-H23, NCI-H1299, BT-20, PC3 and MCF-10A
Concentration:
0-100 μg/mL
Incubation Time:
48 h
Result:
Showed toxic effects on 5 cancer cell lines, but had no effect on normal cells (MCF-10A).
In Vivo
Citronellol (25, 50, 100 mg/kg; once daily; 2 weeks; p.o.) has a cardioprotective effect on the cardiotoxicity of Doxorubicin (HY-15142A) induced myocardial ischemia in rats[1].
Citronellol (25 mg/kg; once daily; 4 weeks; p.o.) can reduce the levels of LC-3 and p62 to regulate autophagy pathway, inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, thereby exerting neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's rats[4].
Citronellol (50, 100 mg/kg; once daily; 4 days; p.o.) can protect the kidneys in rhabdomyolysis induced acute kidney injury in mice through its anti apoptotic effect[5].
Citronellol (12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg; once daily; 20 days; i.p.) exhibits anti-tumor activity in non-small cell lung cancer mice[6].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Animal Model:
Rat myocardial ischemia model established by intraperitoneal injection of DOX (2.5 mg/kg) (HY-15142A) 6 times every other day [1].
Dosage:
25, 50, 100 mg/kg
Administration:
Oral gavage (p.o.); once daily; 2 weeks
Result:
Reduced the production of cardiac antioxidant enzymes, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and lipid biomarkers, and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Inhibited Rotenone (HY-B1756) induced reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation, and enhanced Nrf2 expression, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase levels in the brain.
Animal Model:
A mouse model of rhabdomyolysis induced by a single intramuscular injection of 50% glycerol at a dose of 10 ml/kg [5].
Dosage:
50, 100 mg/kg
Administration:
Oral gavage (p.o.); once daily; 4 days
Result:
Reduced KIM-1 mRNA and myoglobin levels, as well as cleaved caspase-3 and BAX protein levels in renal tissue.
Animal Model:
NSCLC nude mouse model established by subcutaneous injection of NCI-H1299 cells into the posterior abdomen of 7-week-old BALB/c (nu/nu) nude mice[6].
Dosage:
12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg
Administration:
Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.); once daily; 20 days
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (639.92 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)
*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Preparing Stock Solutions
ConcentrationSolventMass
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
1 mM
6.3992 mL
31.9959 mL
63.9918 mL
5 mM
1.2798 mL
6.3992 mL
12.7984 mL
10 mM
0.6399 mL
3.1996 mL
6.3992 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
*Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day. The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μLDMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μLDMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μLCorn oil, and mix evenly.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly.
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time. The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution.
If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation,
heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Protocol 1
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 33.33 mg/mL (213.28 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
Dosage
mg/kg
Animal weight (per animal)
g
Dosing volume (per animal)
μL
Number of animals
Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO+
%
+
%
Tween-80
+
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO,
. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
, Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration:
mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution:
mg
drug dissolved in
μL
DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take
μL DMSO stock solution, add
μL .
μL , mix evenly, next add
μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add
μL Saline.
Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution
If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
*Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.
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