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Phosphatidylinositols, soya, sodium salts is a mixture of phosphatidylinositols. Phosphoinositides are lipids involved in the vesicular transport of proteins and lipids between the different compartments of eukaryotic cells. They act by recruiting and/or activating effector proteins and thus are involved in regulating various cellular functions, such as vesicular budding, membrane fusion and cytoskeleton dynamics .
(±)-Vesamicol hydrochloride ((±)-AH5183 hydrochloride) is a potent vesicular acetylcholine transport inhibitor with a Ki of 2 nM. (±)-Vesamicol hydrochloride also displays high affinity for σ1 and σ2 receptors with Kis of 26 nM and 34 nM, respectively .
Clodronate disodium tetrahydrate (Disodium clodronate tetrahydrate) is first-generation bisphosphonate, with anti-osteoporotic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Clodronate disodium tetrahydrate is a selective, potent, reversible and Cl - competitive vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 15.6 nM. Clodronate disodium tetrahydrate inhibits vesicular ATP release from neurons and reduces chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pain .
(-)-Tetrabenazine ((-)-TBZ; compound 13) is an enantiomer of Tetrabenazine (HY-B0590). (+)-Tetrabenazine proves 3-fold more active than (-)-Tetrabenazine in inhibiting vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) .
VMAT2-IN-3 (compound 10) is a potent vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) inhibitor with a Ki of 0.71 nM. VMAT2-IN-3 has the potential for neurological or psychiatric disease research .
Clodronate (disodium tetrahydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Clodronate (disodium tetrahydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Clodronate disodium tetrahydrate (Disodium clodronate tetrahydrate) is first-generation bisphosphonate, with anti-osteoporotic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Clodronate disodium tetrahydrate is a selective, potent, reversible and Cl-competitive vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 15.6 nM. Clodronate disodium tetrahydrate inhibits vesicular ATP release from neurons and reduces chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pain .
FFN 206 dihydrochloride, a fluorescent probe, is used as an excellent Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 (VMAT2) substrate with an apparent Km of 1.16 μM. FFN 206 dihydrochloride is capable of detecting VMAT2 activity in intact cells using fluorescence microscopy, with subcellular localization to VMAT2-expressing acidic compartments without apparent labeling of other organelles .
GZ-11608 is a potent and selective vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) inhibitor with high affinity (Ki = 25 nM). GZ-11608 decreases methamphetamine-induced dopamine release from isolated synaptic vesicles from brain dopaminergic neurons. GZ-11608 exhibits rapid brain penetration and without neurotoxicity. GZ-11608 can be used for the research of methamphetamine use disorder .
Apicularen A is a macrolide isolated from the mucoid bacterium Chondrosporium spp. Apicularen A is also a highly selective inhibitor of vesicular ATPase .
(+)-Tetrabenazine-d6 is the deuterium labeled (+)-Tetrabenazine. (+)-Tetrabenazine is a reversible inhibitor of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT-2).
Reserpine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Reserpine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Reserpine is an inhibitor of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2).
NBI-98782 is a high affinity and selectivity vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor with a Ki of 3 nM. NBI-98782 has antipsychotic activity .
Justicidin C is an antiviral lignan. Justicidin C shows strong antiviral activity against vesicular stomatitis virus and low cytotoxicity against rabbit lung cells (RL-33) .
Tetrabenazine (Ro 1-9569) is a reversible inhibitor of the vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT2 with the Kd value of 1.34 nM. Tetrabenazine can be used for research on diseases related to hyperactive movement disorders such as Huntington's disease .
Tetrabenazine (Ro 1-9569) mesylate is a reversible inhibitor of the vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT2 with the Kd value of 1.34 nM. Tetrabenazine mesylate can be used for research on diseases related to hyperactive movement disorders such as Huntington's disease .
Trans (2,3)-Dihydrotetrabenazine ((2R,3R,11bR)-rel-Dihydrotetrabenazine), a metabolite of Tetrabenazine, shows remarkable inhibition activity on vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) .
S119-8 is a broad spectrum inhibitor of influenza A and B viruses, showing activity against multiple influenza B viruses and an oseltamivir-resistant influenza A virus, but does not inhibit a non-influenza virus, vesicular stomatitis nirus (VSV) .
Mesoporphyrin IX (dihydrochloride) is a photosensitizer that can be used to modify liposomes. Mesoporphyrin IX (dihydrochloride) can insert into lipid vesicles and disrupt the viral membrane structure in vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), inducing cross-linking of VSV glycoproteins, thereby inhibiting viral activity .
MED6-189, a kalihinol analog, disrupts apicoplast function and vesicular trafficking in P. falciparum malaria (IC50 < 50 nM). MED6-189 targets the apicoplast, a nonphotosynthetic plastid found in most Apicomplexa parasites that is crucial for the synthesis of isoprenoids .
UNC0638 selectively inhibits G9a and GLP histone methyltransferase activity with IC50s of less than 15 nM and 19 nM, respectively. UNC0638 has anti-FMDV (foot-and-mouth disease virus) and anti-VSV (vesicular stomatitis virus) activities.
Tetrabenazine Metabolite is an active metabolite of Tetrabenazine. Tetrabenazine Metabolite is a vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor with a high affinity (Ki=13.4 nM) . Tetrabenazine Metabolite is be developed for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington’s disease and other hyperkinetic disorders .
FFN246 is a fluorescent, dual substrate of serotonin transporter (SERT) probe and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) with excitation and emission spectra 392/427 nm. FFN246 can be used for labeling serotonergic neurons in mouse brain tissue through SERT-dependent accumulation .
FFN270 hydrochloride, a fluorescent tracer of norepinephrine, is a fluorescent substrate of the norepinephrine and vesicular monoamine transporters. FFN270 hydrochloride exhibits two resolved absorption/excitation maxima depending on solvent pH (FFN270 ex: 320 nm or 365 nm, em: 475 nm) and can function as ratiometric fluorescent pH-sensors .
Tetrabenazine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tetrabenazine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tetrabenazine (Ro 1-9569) is a reversible inhibitor of the vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT2 with the Kd value of 1.34 nM. Tetrabenazine can be used for research on diseases related to hyperactive movement disorders such as Huntington's disease .
Octyl gallate (Progallin O) is widely used as a food additive, with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity . Octyl gallate (Progallin O) shows selective and sensitive fluorescent property . Octyl gallate shows a marked antiviral effect against HSV-1, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and poliovirus .
(+)-Tetrabenazine ((+)-TBZ; (3R,11bR)-TBZ; (3R,11bR)-Tetrabenazine) is a reversible inhibitor of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT-2), inhibits transport by VMAT2 with 10-fold greater potency than transport by VMAT1.
BQZ-485 is a a potent GDI2 inhibitor through the interaction with Tyr245. BQZ-485 disrupts the intrinsic GDI2-Rab1A interaction, thereby abolishing vesicular transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus and initiating subsequent paraptosis events .
GZ-793A is an orally active and selective vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) inhibitor, with an Ki of 0.029 μM. GZ-793A inhibits the neurochemical effects of methamphetamine (METH)-induced dopamine release. GZ-793A can be used for research of METH addiction .
FFN511 is a potent fluorescent false neurotransmitters (FFNs) that targets neuronal vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMA T2). FFN511 inhibits serotonin binding to VMA T2-containing membranes with an IC50 of 1 µM. FFN511 directly images the dynamics of release during exocytosis, can be used to label dopamine terminals in live cortical-striatalacute slices .
FFN511 (hydrochloride) is a potent fluorescent false neurotransmitters (FFNs) that targets neuronal vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMA T2). FFN511 (hydrochloride) inhibits serotonin binding to VMA T2-containing membranes with an IC50 of 1 µM. FFN511 (hydrochloride) directly images the dynamics of release during exocytosis, can be used to label dopamine terminals in live cortical-striatalacute slices .
Octyl gallate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Octyl gallate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Octyl gallate (Progallin O) is widely used as a food additive, with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity . Octyl gallate (Progallin O) shows selective and sensitive fluorescent property . Octyl gallate shows a marked antiviral effect against HSV-1, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and poliovirus .
Zoliprofen (480156-S), a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, has potent pain suppressing effect. Zoliprofen has strong antagonistic action against bradykinin, markedly inhibiting all bradykinin-induced edema and pain reactions. Zoliprofen weakly inhibits Arachidonic acid (HY-109590)-induced edema and pain reactions but also inhibits PGE2 synthesis of bovine vesicular gland microsomes .
Diphyllin is an arylnaphthalene lignan isolated from Justicia procumbens and is a potent HIV-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.38 μM. Diphyllin is active against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and influenza virus . Diphyllin is a vacuolar type H +-ATPase (V-ATPase) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 17 nM and inhibits lysosomal acidification in human osteoclasts . Diphyllin inhibits NO production with an IC50 of 50 μM and has anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities .
1a,1b-Dihomo Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a rare polyunsaturated fatty acid first identified in extracts of sheep vesicular gland microsomes, known to contain COX, incubated with adrenic acid. 1a,1b-Dihomo PGE2 has also been identified in conditioned media of RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with endotoxin and arachidonic acid. This product is thought to be produced by elongation of AA to adrenic acid, which is then metabolized sequentially by COX and PGE synthase.
VMAT2-IN-4 (compound 11) is a vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) inhibitor. VMAT2-IN-4 inhibits [ 3H]-DTBZ binding (Ki = 560 nM). VMAT2-IN-4 inhibits [ 3H]-DA (Ki = 45 nM) from entering vesicles and being taken up by cells. VMAT2-IN-4 can be used in methamphetamine addiction research .
The Golgi apparatus is composed of flattened vesicles superimposed on each other by unit membranes. The flattened vesicles are round with expanded and perforated edges. The Golgi fluorescent probe is a BODIPY-labeled ceramide derivative, the synthesis of which occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and can then be transported to the Golgi via ceramide transport protein (CERT) or vesicular translocation, allowing specific labeling of the dye . BODIPY Fl C5-Ceramide is a Golgi-specific green fluorescent dye, which can visualise individual cells . Ex/Em= 505 nm/512 nm.
The Golgi apparatus is composed of flattened vesicles superimposed on each other by unit membranes. The flattened vesicles are round with expanded and perforated edges. The Golgi fluorescent probe is a BODIPY-labeled ceramide derivative, the synthesis of which occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and can then be transported to the Golgi via ceramide transport protein (CERT) or vesicular translocation, allowing specific labeling of the dye. BODIPY TR Ceramide (Golgi-Red Tracke) is a Golgi-specific fluorescent dye, which can visualise individual cells . Ex/Em=589 nm/616 nm.
Lobelane hydrochloride is a biologically active compound that has the activity of inhibiting vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2). Lobelane hydrochloride has a low affinity for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), thereby enhancing its selectivity for VMAT2. Synthetic structural changes of lobelane hydrochloride have led to some related analogs that show mild changes in affinity for VMAT2. The most potent synthetic lobelane hydrochloride obtained after structural modification has a K(i) value of 630 nM, showing significant VMAT2 selectivity. The biological activity of lobelane hydrochloride suggests that it has the potential to be used in the development of compounds to inhibit methamphetamine abuse .
9-Methylstreptimidone is a microbial metabolite originally isolated from Streptomyces sp. S-885 that has antifungal and antiviral activities. It is active against several fungi, including S. sake, S. fragilis, R. rubra, T. rubra, and C. albidus (MICs=4-20 μg/mL) and has antiviral activity against poliovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in vitro (MIC=0.02 μg/mL for all). 9-Methylstreptimidone increases survival in mouse models of infection with influenza A2 (H2N2) or C. albicans when administered prior to infection.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane binding structures that are released from cells into the surrounding environment and play a crucial role in mediating and regulating intercellular communication related to physiological and pathological processes. EVs are lipid membrane vesicles composed of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. EVs can be divided into several types based on their source, such as extracellular vesicles, microcapsules, and apoptotic vesicles. The size range of exosomes is 30-150nm, which are endocrine in multi vesicular endosomes (MVEs); microvesicles (50-1000nm) are secreted directly through extracellular interactions, thereby releasing plasma membrane vesicles. In contrast, apoptotic bodies are usually larger, ranging in size from 1 to 5 μ m. This is generated during programmed cell death. EV plays a crucial role in transmitting information between cells and influencing the behavior and function of receptor cells.
MCE designs a unique collection of 438 small molecules related to extracellular vesicles (EVs). It is a good tool to be used for research on metabolize, cancer and other diseases.
The Golgi apparatus is composed of flattened vesicles superimposed on each other by unit membranes. The flattened vesicles are round with expanded and perforated edges. The Golgi fluorescent probe is a BODIPY-labeled ceramide derivative, the synthesis of which occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and can then be transported to the Golgi via ceramide transport protein (CERT) or vesicular translocation, allowing specific labeling of the dye . BODIPY Fl C5-Ceramide is a Golgi-specific green fluorescent dye, which can visualise individual cells . Ex/Em= 505 nm/512 nm.
The Golgi apparatus is composed of flattened vesicles superimposed on each other by unit membranes. The flattened vesicles are round with expanded and perforated edges. The Golgi fluorescent probe is a BODIPY-labeled ceramide derivative, the synthesis of which occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and can then be transported to the Golgi via ceramide transport protein (CERT) or vesicular translocation, allowing specific labeling of the dye. BODIPY TR Ceramide (Golgi-Red Tracke) is a Golgi-specific fluorescent dye, which can visualise individual cells . Ex/Em=589 nm/616 nm.
Mesoporphyrin IX (dihydrochloride) is a photosensitizer that can be used to modify liposomes. Mesoporphyrin IX (dihydrochloride) can insert into lipid vesicles and disrupt the viral membrane structure in vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), inducing cross-linking of VSV glycoproteins, thereby inhibiting viral activity .
H2-D b restricted epitopes VSV Nucleoprotein (52-59) is a 9-mer peptide derived from the nucleoprotein of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV). H2-D b restricted epitopes VSV Nucleoprotein (52-59) binds to MHC class I molecules and presents itself to CD8+ T cells, thereby activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which can recognize and kill cells expressing the corresponding antigen. H2-D b restricted epitopes VSV Nucleoprotein (52-59) can be used in the development of CTL vaccines against Ebola virus .
Octyl gallate (Progallin O) is widely used as a food additive, with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity . Octyl gallate (Progallin O) shows selective and sensitive fluorescent property . Octyl gallate shows a marked antiviral effect against HSV-1, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and poliovirus .
Diphyllin is an arylnaphthalene lignan isolated from Justicia procumbens and is a potent HIV-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.38 μM. Diphyllin is active against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and influenza virus . Diphyllin is a vacuolar type H +-ATPase (V-ATPase) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 17 nM and inhibits lysosomal acidification in human osteoclasts . Diphyllin inhibits NO production with an IC50 of 50 μM and has anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities .
Apicularen A is a macrolide isolated from the mucoid bacterium Chondrosporium spp. Apicularen A is also a highly selective inhibitor of vesicular ATPase .
Reserpine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Reserpine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Reserpine is an inhibitor of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2).
Justicidin C is an antiviral lignan. Justicidin C shows strong antiviral activity against vesicular stomatitis virus and low cytotoxicity against rabbit lung cells (RL-33) .
Octyl gallate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Octyl gallate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Octyl gallate (Progallin O) is widely used as a food additive, with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity . Octyl gallate (Progallin O) shows selective and sensitive fluorescent property . Octyl gallate shows a marked antiviral effect against HSV-1, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and poliovirus .
LMAN2 Protein, an intracellular lectin, interacts with N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and high-mannose type glycans. This protein is integral to the transport and sorting of glycoproteins with high mannose-type glycans within the early secretory pathway, contributing significantly to cellular processes. LMAN2 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived LMAN2 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of LMAN2 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 278 a.a., with molecular weight of ~34.8 kDa.
(+)-Tetrabenazine-d6 is the deuterium labeled (+)-Tetrabenazine. (+)-Tetrabenazine is a reversible inhibitor of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT-2).
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