2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

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Mitochondria use multiple carbon fuels to produce ATP and metabolites, including pyruvate, which is generated from glycolysis; amino acids such as glutamine; and fatty acids. These carbon fuels feed into the TCA cycle in the mitochondrial matrix to generate the reducing equivalents NADH and FADH2, which deliver their electrons to the electron transport chain. Mitochondria are complex organelles that play an important role in many facets of cellular function, from metabolism to immune regulation and cell death. Mitochondria are actively involved in a wide variety of cellular processes and molecular interactions, such as calcium buffering, lipid flux, and intracellular signaling. It is increasingly recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many diseases such as obesity/diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial metabolism is a key determinant of tumor progression by impacting on functions such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mitochondrial metabolism and derived oncometabolites shape the epigenetic landscape to alter aggressiveness features of cancer cells. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism are relevant for the survival of tumors in response to therapy.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-18733S
    Lipoic acid-d4
    Lipoic acid-d4 ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid-d4) is deuterium labeled Lipoic acid. Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid is more effective than racemic Lipoic acid.
    Lipoic acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-121214R
    Amisulbrom (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Amisulbrom (Standard) is the analytical standard of Amisulbrom. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Amisulbrom is a sulfonamide fungicide used to control oomycete diseases. Amisulbrom biochemically inhibits the cytochrome-bc1 complex of the mitochondrial electron transport system.
    Amisulbrom (Standard)
  • HY-122029
    BRD6897
    		Inducer
    BRD6897 is a mitochondrial content inducer. BRD6897 does not alter the percent of cytoplasmic area occupied by mitochondria, but instead, induces a striking increase in the electron density of existing mitochondria.
    BRD6897
  • HY-N0018R
    Daidzin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Daidzin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Daidzin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Daidzin is an isoflavone with antioxidant, anticancer, and antiatherosclerotic activities. Daidzin is a potent and selective inhibitor of mitochondrial ALDH-2. Daidzin reduces ethanol consumption.
    Daidzin (Standard)
  • HY-B0486R
    Lonidamine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Lonidamine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lonidamine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lonidamine (AF-1890) is a hexokinase and mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibitor (Ki: 2.5 μM). Lonidamine also inhibits aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. Lonidamine can be used in the research of mitochondrial metabolism and inflammation, such as pulmonary fibrosis.
    Lonidamine (Standard)
  • HY-171037
    Prostaglandin Bx
    Prostaglandin Bx (PGBx) is an oligomer of PGB1 and 15-keto-PGB, which exhibits mitochondrial protective efficacy. Prostaglandin Bx promotes the neurological recovery in rabbits ischemic spinal cord injury model, and maintains the integrity of the gastric mucosa through inhibition of gastric acid secretion in rat gastric ulcer model.
    Prostaglandin Bx
  • HY-12364C
    (+)-trans-C75
    (+)-trans-C75 ((+)-C75) is an enantiomer of C75 (HY-12364) (a fatty acid synthase inhibitor). (+)-trans-C75 is less potent than the racemic mixture or the (-) enantiomer in enhancing the cancer-killing ability of ionizing radiation. (+)-trans-C75 inhibits CPT1 and is an anorectic agent.
    (+)-trans-C75
  • HY-157744
    Coumarin–quinone conjugate
    Coumarin–quinone conjugate is a fluorescent substrate for NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductases which consists of a coumarin fluorophore and a ubiquinone analog. Coumarin–quinone conjugate can be used to measure the kinetic parameters of AIFM2/FSP1 for researches such as ferroptosis.
    Coumarin–quinone conjugate
  • HY-108984
    BBMP
    BBMP is a permeability transition pore (PTP) inhibitor. BBMP prevents Ca2+-induced permeability transition and mitochondrial depolarization. BBMP possess potential for the neurodegenerative disorders research.
    BBMP
  • HY-124496
    Piperitenone
    Piperitenone is a terpenoid, and exhibits antioxidant activity. Piperitenone scavenges DPPH free radicals with an IC50 of 22.7 μg/mL, and inhibits the peroxidation of linoleic acid.
    Piperitenone
  • HY-125776R
    Kresoxim-methyl (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Kresoxim-methyl (Standard) is the analytical standard of Kresoxim-methyl. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Kresoxim-methyl (BAS 490 F), a Strobilurin-based fungicide, inhibits the respiration at the complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex). Kresoxim-methyl binds to complex III from yeast with an apparent Kd of 0.07 μM proving a high affinity for this enzyme.
    Kresoxim-methyl (Standard)
  • HY-B0887R
    Permethrin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Permethrin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Permethrin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Permethrin (NRDC-143) is an insecticide, acaricide, and insect repellent; functions as a neurotoxin, affecting neuron membranes by prolonging sodium channel activation.
    Permethrin (Standard)
  • HY-14771
    Imeglimin
    		Activator
    Imeglimin (EMD 387008) is an oral glucose-lowering agent. Imeglimin improves insulin sensitivity. Imeglimin also reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increases mitochondrial DNA and improves mitochondrial function.
    Imeglimin
  • HY-145751
    7α-Hydroxy-DHEA
    		Activator
    7α-Hydroxy-DHEA (7α-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone) is a 7α-hydroxylated metabolite of DHEA (HY-14650), catalyzed by intracellular steroid 7α-hydroxylases such as P450 2A1. 7α-Hydroxy-DHEA exhibits biological activity comparable to DHEA but does not convert into compounds with androgenic or estrogenic activity. It induces the activity of thermogenic enzymes such as mitochondrial sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and cytosolic malic enzyme, enhancing heat production and reducing food utilization efficiency. As a more efficient and safer metabolite compared to DHEA, 7α-Hydroxy-DHEA holds potential for studies in the fields of obesity, metabolic diseases, and adrenal carcinoma.
    7α-Hydroxy-DHEA
  • HY-121248
    Hydramethylnon
    		Inhibitor
    Hydramethylnon (AC217300) is an amidinohydrazone insecticide. Hydramethylnon's mechanism of action is through inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by inhibiting the electron transport chain at the cytochrome b-c1 complex. Hydramethylnon can be used to eliminate red imported fire ants, cockroaches, and other insects.
    Hydramethylnon
  • HY-D0885C
    Phosphocreatine dipotassium
    		Activator
    Phosphocreatine (creatine phosphate) is an organic compound found in vertebrate skeletal muscles. Phosphocreatine enhances antioxidant activity, and activates the TAK1 pathway to protect the heart. Phosphocreatine normalizing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress via Akt mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Phosphocreatine provides renal protection by suppressing Apoptosis and ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) generation through ERK mediated mediated Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway..
    Phosphocreatine dipotassium
  • HY-116447
    Antitumor agent-159
    Antitumor agent-159 (Compound 13b) targets the mitochondria and downregulates cardiolipin levels. Antitumor agent-159 inhibits the proliferation of cancer cell MDA-MB-231, arrests the cell cycle at sub-G1 phase, and induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231. Antitumor agent-159 exhibits antitumor efficacy in MDA-MB-231 xenograft mouse models.
    Antitumor agent-159
  • HY-19688A
    Sitamaquine hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    Sitamaquine (WR6026) hydrochloride, an orally active 8-aminoquinoline analog, is an antileishmanial agent. Sitamaquine hydrochloride inhibits mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase). Sitamaquine hydrochloride is a lipophilic weak base that rapidly accumulates in acidic compartments of Leishmania spp., mainly in acidocalcisomes.
    Sitamaquine hydrochloride
  • HY-B2011
    Flutolanil
    		Inhibitor
    Flutolanil is a broad-spectrum fungicide. Flutolanil inhibits mycelial oxygen consumption and succinate dehydrogenase in mitochondria Complex II. Flutolanil causes endocrine disruption and reproductive disorders in zebrafish after long-term exposure. Flutolanil can be used to control the fungal pathogens induced plant disease.
    Flutolanil
  • HY-N7063S
    Nerol-d2
    Nerol-d2 is deuterated labeled Octanal (HY-N8015). Octanal is an aromatic aldehyde, with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Octanal shows cytotoxicity against Hela cells.
    Nerol-d<sub>2</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity