2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Metabolite results when a drug is metabolized into a modified form which continues to produce effects. A metabolome in a given body fluid is influenced by endogenous factors such as age, sex, body composition and genetics as well as underlying pathologies.The levels of the enormous array of unique small-molecule metabolites are usually kept tightly regulated by the activity of a very large array of enzymes and transporters responsible for the production, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalization of these small molecules.The levels of the endogenous small molecules present in the brain are normally tightly regulated.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0138S
    Theobromine-d6
    		≥98.0%
    Theobromine-d6 is the deuterium labeled Theobromine. Theobromine is a methylxanthine found in cacao beans which can inhibit adenosine receptor A1 (AR1) signaling.
    Theobromine-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-16637S1
    Folic acid-d4
    Folic acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Folic acid. Folic acid (Vitamin M; Vitamin B9) is a B vitamin; is necessary for the production and maintenance of new cells, for DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis.
    Folic acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-17367S3
    Atazanavir-d5
    Atazanavir-d5 is the deuterium labeled Atazanavir. Atazanavir (BMS-232632), a highly selective HIV-1 protease inhibitor, is the first protease inhibitor approved for once-daily administration[1]. Atazanavir (BMS-232632) is a substrate and inhibitor of CYP3A4, and an inhibitor and inducer of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)[2]. Atazanavir is also a SARS-CoV 3CLpro inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.49 μM[3].
    Atazanavir-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-17367S2
    Atazanavir-d9
    Atazanavir-d9 is the deuterium labeled Atazanavir. Atazanavir (BMS-232632), a highly selective HIV-1 protease inhibitor, is the first protease inhibitor approved for once-daily administration[1]. Atazanavir (BMS-232632) is a substrate and inhibitor of CYP3A4, and an inhibitor and inducer of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)[2]. Atazanavir is also a SARS-CoV 3CLpro inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.49 μM[3].
    Atazanavir-d<sub>9</sub>
  • HY-10585S
    Valproic acid-d4
    		≥98.0%
    Valproic acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Valproic acid. Valproic acid (VPA; 2-Propylpentanoic Acid) is an HDAC inhibitor, with IC50 in the range of 0.5 and 2 mM, also inhibits HDAC1 (IC50, 400 μM), and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2. Valproic acid activates Notch1 signaling and inhibits proliferation in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid sodium salt is used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder and prevention of migraine headaches[1][2].
    Valproic acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-19696S
    Tauroursodeoxycholate-d5
    Tauroursodeoxycholate-d5 is the deuterium labeled Tauroursodeoxycholate. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.
    Tauroursodeoxycholate-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-N1914S
    Ergothioneine-d3
    Ergothioneine-d3 is the deuterium labeled Ergothioneine. Ergothioneine, an imidazole-2-thione derivative of histidine betaine, is synthesized by certain bacteria and fungi. Ergothioneine is generally considered an antioxidant[1].
    Ergothioneine-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-13677S
    6-Mercaptopurine-d2
    6-Mercaptopurine-d2 is the deuterium labeled 6-Mercaptopurine. 6-Mercaptopurine is a purine analogue which acts as an antagonist of the endogenous purines and has been widely used as antileukemic agent and immunosuppressive agent[1][2].
    6-Mercaptopurine-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-15762S
    Valdecoxib-d3
    Valdecoxib-d3 is the deuterium labeled Valdecoxib. Valdecoxib is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of COX-2, with IC50s of 5 nM and 140 μM for COX-2 and COX-1, respeceively. Valdecoxib can be used in the research of arthritis and pain[1][2].
    Valdecoxib-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-117275S
    Meclofenamic acid-d4
    Meclofenamic acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Meclofenamic acid. Meclofenamic Acid (Meclofenamate), a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory agent, is a highly selective fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) enzyme inhibitor. Meclofenamic Acid competes with FTO binding for the m(6)A-containing nucleic acid. Meclofenamic acid is a non-selective gap-junction blocker[1][2][3].
    Meclofenamic acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-B1941S
    4-tert-Octylphenol-3,5-d2
    4-tert-Octylphenol-3,5-d2 is the deuterium labeled 4-tert-Octylphenol-3,5[1].
    4-tert-Octylphenol-3,5-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-B0132S1
    Norfloxacin-d8
    Norfloxacin-d8 is the deuterium labeled Norfloxacin. Norfloxacin (MK-0366) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which functions by inhibiting DNA gyrase.
    Norfloxacin-d<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-W012722BS
    4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid-d7 sodium
    4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid-d7 (α-Ketoisocaproic acid-d7) sodium is the deuterium labeled 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid (HY-W012722).4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid is a metabolite of L-leucine and is involved in energy metabolism. 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid increases endoplasmic reticulum stress, promotes lipid accumulation in preadipocytes and insulin resistance by impairing mTOR and autophagy signaling pathways.
    4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid-d<sub>7</sub> sodium
  • HY-B0303AS
    Diphenhydramine-d6 hydrochloride
    		98.83%
    Diphenhydramine-d6 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Diphenhydramine hydrochloride. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is a first-generation histamine H1-receptor antagonist with anti-cholinergic effect. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride can across the ovine blood-brain barrier (BBB)[1][2].
    Diphenhydramine-d<sub>6</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-113224S
    Desmosterol-d6
    Desmosterol-d6 is the deuterium labeled Desmosterol. Desmosterol is a molecule similar to cholesterol. Desmosterol is the immediate precursor of cholesterol in the Bloch pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis. Desmosterol, as an endogenous metabolite, used to study cholesterol metabolism[1].
    Desmosterol-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-B0661CS
    (Rac)-Tamsulosin-d3 hydrochloride
    (Rac)-Tamsulosin-d3 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled (Rac)-Tamsulosin hydrochloride[1].
    (Rac)-Tamsulosin-d<sub>3</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-N0391S2
    L-Citrulline-d6
    L-Citrulline-d6 is the deuterium labeled L-Citrulline. L-Citrulline is an amino acid derived from ornithine in the catabolism of proline or glutamine and glutamate, or from l-arginine via arginine-citrulline pathway.
    L-Citrulline-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-121362R
    Evernic Acid (Standard)
    Propazine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Propazine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Propazine is a triazine herbicide that effectively manages broad-leaved weeds and annual grasses in sweet sorghum cultivation.
    Evernic Acid (Standard)
  • HY-N0545R
    Taurocholic acid (sodium) (Standard)
    Taurocholic acid (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Taurocholic acid (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Taurocholic acid sodium (Sodium taurocholate) has marked bioactive effects such as an inhibitory potential against hepatic artery ligation induced biliary damage by upregulation of VEGF-A expression. Taurocholic acid sodium has immunoregulation effect.
    Taurocholic acid (sodium) (Standard)
  • HY-W014787S
    Decanedioic acid-d4
    Decanedioic acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Decanedioic acid[1]. Decanedioic acid, a normal urinary acid, is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency[2].
    Decanedioic acid-d<sub>4</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity