Anoctamin-6

Definition:

Small-conductance calcium-activated nonselective cation (SCAN) channel which acts as a regulator of phospholipid scrambling in platelets and osteoblasts. Phospholipid scrambling results in surface exposure of phosphatidylserine which in platelets is essential to trigger the clotting system whereas in osteoblasts is essential for the deposition of hydroxyapatite during bone mineralization. Has calcium-dependent phospholipid scramblase activity; scrambles phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine and galactosylceramide (By similarity). Can generate outwardly rectifying chloride channel currents in airway epithelial cells and Jurkat T lymphocytes.; (Microbial infection) Upon SARS coronavirus-2/SARS-CoV-2 infection, is activated by spike protein which increases the amplitude of spontaneous Ca(2+) signals and is required for spike-mediated syncytia.

References:

[1]. Jun Suzuki, et al. Calcium-dependent phospholipid scrambling by TMEM16F. Nature. 2010 Dec 9;468(7325):834-8. [Content Brief]

[2]. Karl Kunzelmann, et al. Expression and function of epithelial anoctamins. Exp Physiol. 2012 Feb;97(2):184-92. [Content Brief]

[3]. Rainer Schreiber, et al. Expression and function of epithelial anoctamins. J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 5;285(10):7838-45. [Content Brief]

[4]. Yuemin Tian, et al. Anoctamins are a family of Ca2+-activated Cl- channels. J Cell Sci. 2012 Nov 1;125(Pt 21):4991-8. [Content Brief]

[5]. Luca Braga, et al. Drugs that inhibit TMEM16 proteins block SARS-CoV-2 spike-induced syncytia. Nature. 2021 Jun;594(7861):88-93. [Content Brief]

[6]. Joana Raquel Martins, et al. Anoctamin 6 is an essential component of the outwardly rectifying chloride channel. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Nov 1;108(44):18168-72. [Content Brief]

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