Apelin receptor

Definition:

Receptor for apelin receptor early endogenous ligand (APELA) and apelin (APLN) hormones coupled to G proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity. Plays a key role in early development such as gastrulation, blood vessels formation and heart morphogenesis by acting as a receptor for APELA hormone (By similarity). May promote angioblast migration toward the embryonic midline, i.e. the position of the future vessel formation, during vasculogenesis (By similarity). Promotes sinus venosus (SV)-derived endothelial cells migration into the developing heart to promote coronary blood vessel development (By similarity). Also plays a role in various processes in adults such as regulation of blood vessel formation, blood pressure, heart contractility and heart failure.; (Microbial infection) Alternative coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 infection; may be involved in the development of AIDS dementia.

References:

[1]. Peiran Yang, et al. Elabela/Toddler Is an Endogenous Agonist of the Apelin APJ Receptor in the Adult Cardiovascular System, and Exogenous Administration of the Peptide Compensates for the Downregulation of Its Expression in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation. 2017 Mar 21;135(12):1160-1173. [Content Brief]

[2]. Zhi Wang, et al. Elabela-apelin receptor signaling pathway is functional in mammalian systems. Sci Rep. 2015 Feb 2;5:8170. [Content Brief]

[3]. M Cayabyab, et al. Apelin, the natural ligand of the orphan seven-transmembrane receptor APJ, inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry. J Virol. 2000 Dec;74(24):11972-6. [Content Brief]

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