Arginase-1

Definition:

Key element of the urea cycle converting L-arginine to urea and L-ornithine, which is further metabolized into metabolites proline and polyamides that drive collagen synthesis and bioenergetic pathways critical for cell proliferation, respectively; the urea cycle takes place primarily in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys.; Functions in L-arginine homeostasis in nonhepatic tissues characterized by the competition between nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and arginase for the available intracellular substrate arginine. Arginine metabolism is a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. Involved in an antimicrobial effector pathway in polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN). Upon PMN cell death is liberated from the phagolysosome and depletes arginine in the microenvironment leading to suppressed T cell and natural killer (NK) cell proliferation and cytokine secretion. In group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) promotes acute type 2 inflammation in the lung and is involved in optimal ILC2 proliferation but not survival (By similarity). In humans, the immunological role in the monocytic/macrophage/dendritic cell (DC) lineage is unsure.

References:

[1]. Markus Munder, et al. Suppression of T-cell functions by human granulocyte arginase. Blood. 2006 Sep 1;108(5):1627-34. [Content Brief]

[2]. Johanna Oberlies, et al. Regulation of NK cell function by human granulocyte arginase. J Immunol. 2009 May 1;182(9):5259-67. [Content Brief]

[3]. Markus Munder, et al. Arginase I is constitutively expressed in human granulocytes and participates in fungicidal activity. Blood. 2005 Mar 15;105(6):2549-56. [Content Brief]

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