Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic

Definition:

Biosynthesis of L-glutamate from L-aspartate or L-cysteine. Important regulator of levels of glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the vertebrate central nervous system. Acts as a scavenger of glutamate in brain neuroprotection. The aspartate aminotransferase activity is involved in hepatic glucose synthesis during development and in adipocyte glyceroneogenesis. Using L-cysteine as substrate, regulates levels of mercaptopyruvate, an important source of hydrogen sulfide. Mercaptopyruvate is converted into H(2)S via the action of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST). Hydrogen sulfide is an important synaptic modulator and neuroprotectant in the brain. In addition, catalyzes (2S)-2-aminobutanoate, a by-product in the cysteine biosynthesis pathway.

References:

[1]. Yasuhiro Irino, et al. 2-Aminobutyric acid modulates glutathione homeostasis in the myocardium. Sci Rep. 2016 Nov 9;6:36749. [Content Brief]

[2]. Antimo D'Aniello, et al. Amino acids and transaminases activity in ventricular CSF and in brain of normal and Alzheimer patients. Neurosci Lett. 2005 Nov 4;388(1):49-53. [Content Brief]

[3]. Haiqing Shen, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies genetic variants in GOT1 determining serum aspartate aminotransferase levels. J Hum Genet. 2011 Nov;56(11):801-5. [Content Brief]

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