Body dysmorphic disorder

Definition:

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric disorder in which individuals are preoccupied with imagined defects in their appearance, which are not noticeable or appear slight to others. It is characterized by time-consuming behaviors such as mirror gazing, comparing one's appearance with the appearance of others, excessive camouflaging to hide the defect, and seeking reassurance. Patients experience significant distress, disability, and functional impairment, often accompanied by depression and suicidality. There is some clinical and pathologic overlap between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and BDD such as obsessive thoughts and the performance of ritual behavior. Patients with BDD respond to treatment with serotonergic agents such as clomipramine or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which suggests a dysfunction of central serotonergic neurotransmission as a possible etiological factor. A recent study suggests that cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) was more effective than treatment with medications.

References:

[1]. Álvaro Frías, et al. Comorbidity between obsessive-compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder: prevalence, explanatory theories, and clinical characterization. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2015 Aug 26;11:2233-44. [Content Brief]

[2]. C Pavan, et al. Psychopathologic aspects of body dysmorphic disorder: a literature review. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2008 May;32(3):473-84. [Content Brief]

[3]. Katharine A Phillips, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in body dysmorphic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002 Apr;59(4):381-8. [Content Brief]

[4]. Stefan G Hofmann, et al. The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Review of Meta-analyses. Cognit Ther Res. 2012 Oct 1;36(5):427-440. [Content Brief]

[5]. Wei Li, et al. Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Neurobiological Features and an Updated Model. Z Klin Psychol Psychother (Gott). 2013;42(3):184-191. [Content Brief]

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