Defensin alpha 5

Definition:

Host-defense peptide that maintains sterility in the urogenital system. Has antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria, including Gram-negative E.coli, P.aeruginosa and S.typhimurium, and Gram-positive E.aerogenes, S.aureus, B.cereus, E.faecium and L.monocytogenes. Confers resistance to intestinal infection by S.typhimurium. Exhibits antimicrobial activity against enteric commensal bacteria such as B.adolescentis, L.acidophilus, B.breve, L.fermentum, B.longum and S.thermophilus. Binds to bacterial membranes and causes membrane disintegration. Induces the secretion of the chemokine IL-8 by intestinal epithelial cells. Binds to B.antracis lef/lethal factor, a major virulence factor from B.anthracis, and neutralizes its enzymatic activity.; (Microbial infection) Acts as a target for S.flexneri infection by binding to the bacterium, possibly via bacterial surface proteins, and thereby augmenting infectivity via enhanced bacterial adhesion and invasion of epithelial cells and tissues.

References:

[1]. B O Schroeder, et al. Paneth cell α-defensin 6 (HD-6) is an antimicrobial peptide. Mucosal Immunol. 2015 May;8(3):661-71. [Content Brief]

[2]. Dipankar Ghosh, et al. Paneth cell trypsin is the processing enzyme for human defensin-5. Nat Immunol. 2002 Jun;3(6):583-90. [Content Brief]

[3]. John David Spencer, et al. Human alpha defensin 5 expression in the human kidney and urinary tract. PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e31712. [Content Brief]

[4]. Cheng Wang, et al. Design of a potent antibiotic peptide based on the active region of human defensin 5. J Med Chem. 2015 Apr 9;58(7):3083-93. [Content Brief]

[5]. Bryan Ericksen, et al. Antibacterial activity and specificity of the six human {alpha}-defensins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005 Jan;49(1):269-75. [Content Brief]

[6]. Dan Xu, et al. Human Enteric α-Defensin 5 Promotes Shigella Infection by Enhancing Bacterial Adhesion and Invasion. Immunity. 2018 Jun 19;48(6):1233-1244.e6. [Content Brief]

[7]. Nita H Salzman, et al. Protection against enteric salmonellosis in transgenic mice expressing a human intestinal defensin. Nature. 2003 Apr 3;422(6931):522-6. [Content Brief]

[8]. Mohsen Rajabi, et al. Functional determinants of human enteric α-defensin HD5: crucial role for hydrophobicity at dimer interface. J Biol Chem. 2012 Jun 22;287(26):21615-27. [Content Brief]

[9]. Erik de Leeuw, et al. Selective arginines are important for the antibacterial activity and host cell interaction of human alpha-defensin 5. FEBS Lett. 2009 Aug 6;583(15):2507-12. [Content Brief]

[10]. D Ehmann, et al. Paneth cell α-defensins HD-5 and HD-6 display differential degradation into active antimicrobial fragments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Feb 26;116(9):3746-3751. [Content Brief]

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