Hashimoto thyroiditis

Definition:

Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is a common form of chronic autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), and is characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate of immunocytes that replace the parenchyma and induce thyroid enlargement, which eventually leads to gland fibrosis. Progressive thyrocyte depletion results in impaired thyroid hormone production and clinical hypothyroidism, a condition that involves a marked reduction of metabolic activity in various cells and tissues. AITDs are regarded as polygenic disorders resulting from the combination of a genetic predisposition in conjunction with an environmental trigger. Two main approaches have been employed to locate susceptibility loci for AITD, namely case control candidate gene studies and genome-wide linkage screens. Case control candidate gene studies have been employed to investigate numerous genes for association with AITD, but to date, only the human leucocyte region (HLA) on chromosome 6p21 and the cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated 4 (CTLA-4) gene on chromosome 2q33 have been consistently shown to be associated with disease.

References:

[1]. C Ruwhof, et al. Iodine and thyroid autoimmune disease in animal models. Thyroid. 2001 May;11(5):427-36. [Content Brief]

[2]. Dimitry A Chistiakov, et al. Immunogenetics of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J Autoimmune Dis. 2005 Mar 11;2(1):1. [Content Brief]

[3]. Giorgio Stassi, et al. Autoimmune thyroid disease: new models of cell death in autoimmunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2002 Mar;2(3):195-204. [Content Brief]

[4]. Julia Ai, et al. Autoimmune thyroid diseases: etiology, pathogenesis, and dermatologic manifestations. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003 May;48(5):641-59; quiz 660-2. [Content Brief]

[5]. M J Simmonds, et al. Unravelling the genetic complexity of autoimmune thyroid disease: HLA, CTLA-4 and beyond. Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Apr;136(1):1-10. [Content Brief]

[6]. Mark F Prummel, et al. The environment and autoimmune thyroid diseases. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004 May;150(5):605-18. [Content Brief]

[7]. R Hal Scofield, et al. Autoantibodies as predictors of disease. Lancet. 2004 May 8;363(9420):1544-6. [Content Brief]

[8]. Stelios Fountoulakis, et al. On the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease: a unifying hypothesis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2004 Apr;60(4):397-409. [Content Brief]

Biomedical Dictionary

The Biomedical Dictionary is a comprehensive and professional collection of biological academic terms and subject datas. All explanations are supported by authoritative books or high impact factor literatures, and you can acquire accurate explanations of the biomedical terms you want to know.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z #

Name
Email *

	Sorry, but the email address you supplied was invalid.