Interleukin-20

Definition:

Pro-inflammatory and angiogenic cytokine mainly secreted by monocytes and skin keratinocytes that plays crucial roles in immune responses, regulation of inflammatory responses, hemopoiesis, as well as epidermal cell and keratinocyte differentiation. Enhances tissue remodeling and wound-healing activities and restores the homeostasis of epithelial layers during infection and inflammatory responses to maintain tissue integrity. Affects multiple actin-mediated functions in activated neutrophils leading to inhibition of phagocytosis, granule exocytosis, and migration. Exert its effects via the type I IL-20 receptor complex consisting of IL20RA and IL20RB. Alternatively, can mediate its activity through a second receptor complex called type II IL-20 receptor complex composed of IL22RA1 and IL20RB. Acts as an arteriogenic and vascular remodeling factory by activating a range of signaling processes including phosphorylations of JAK2 and STAT5 as well as activation of the serine and threonine kinases AKT and ERK1/2 (By similarity). Alternatively, can activate STAT3 phosphorylation and transcriptional activity in a JAK2, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK-dependent manner in keratinocytes.

References:

[1]. M-Y Hsieh, et al. Interleukin-20 promotes angiogenesis in a direct and indirect manner. Genes Immun. 2006 Apr;7(3):234-42. [Content Brief]

[2]. Yu-Hsiang Hsu, et al. IL-20 is involved in obesity by modulation of adipogenesis and macrophage dysregulation. Immunology. 2021 Dec;164(4):817-833. [Content Brief]

[3]. Portia Gough, et al. IL-20 Signaling in Activated Human Neutrophils Inhibits Neutrophil Migration and Function. J Immunol. 2017 Jun 1;198(11):4373-4382. [Content Brief]

[4]. L Dumoutier, et al. Cutting edge: STAT activation by IL-19, IL-20 and mda-7 through IL-20 receptor complexes of two types. J Immunol. 2001 Oct 1;167(7):3545-9. [Content Brief]

[5]. Mai Wang, et al. Interleukin 24 (MDA-7/MOB-5) signals through two heterodimeric receptors, IL-22R1/IL-20R2 and IL-20R1/IL-20R2. J Biol Chem. 2002 Mar 1;277(9):7341-7. [Content Brief]

[6]. Rosa M Andrés, et al. Studies of Jak/STAT3 expression and signalling in psoriasis identifies STAT3-Ser727 phosphorylation as a modulator of transcriptional activity. Exp Dermatol. 2013 May;22(5):323-8. [Content Brief]

[7]. Susan M Sa, et al. The effects of IL-20 subfamily cytokines on reconstituted human epidermis suggest potential roles in cutaneous innate defense and pathogenic adaptive immunity in psoriasis. J Immunol. 2007 Feb 15;178(4):2229-40. [Content Brief]

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