Phospholipid transfer protein

Definition:

Mediates the transfer of phospholipids and free cholesterol from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (low density lipoproteins or LDL and very low density lipoproteins or VLDL) into high-density lipoproteins (HDL) as well as the exchange of phospholipids between triglyceride-rich lipoproteins themselves. Facilitates the transfer of a spectrum of different lipid molecules, including diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, cerebroside and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Plays an important role in HDL remodeling which involves modulating the size and composition of HDL. Also plays a key role in the uptake of cholesterol from peripheral cells and tissues that is subsequently transported to the liver for degradation and excretion. Two distinct forms of PLTP exist in plasma: an active form that can transfer phosphatidylcholine from phospholipid vesicles to HDL, and an inactive form that lacks this capability.

References:

[1]. R Rao, et al. Molecular and macromolecular specificity of human plasma phospholipid transfer protein. Biochemistry. 1997 Mar 25;36(12):3645-53. [Content Brief]

[2]. Simona Vuletic, et al. PLTP is present in the nucleus, and its nuclear export is CRM1-dependent. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Mar;1793(3):584-91. [Content Brief]

[3]. John J Albers, et al. Role of plasma phospholipid transfer protein in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012 Mar;1821(3):345-57. [Content Brief]

[4]. Meng Zhang, et al. Structural basis of the lipid transfer mechanism of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2018 Sep;1863(9):1082-1094. [Content Brief]

[5]. J J Albers, et al. Functional expression of human and mouse plasma phospholipid transfer protein: effect of recombinant and plasma PLTP on HDL subspecies. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995 Aug 24;1258(1):27-34. [Content Brief]

[6]. John J Albers, et al. Impact of site-specific N-glycosylation on cellular secretion, activity and specific activity of the plasma phospholipid transfer protein. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Jul;1814(7):908-11. [Content Brief]

[7]. T Oka, et al. Distribution of phospholipid transfer protein in human plasma: presence of two forms of phospholipid transfer protein, one catalytically active and the other inactive. J Lipid Res. 2000 Oct;41(10):1651-7. [Content Brief]

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