Pneumococcal disease

Definition:

Pneumococcal disease (PD) is infectious disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). PD is particularly common in younger children and in older adults and is roughly divided into invasive and non-invasive disease; the former refers to infections in which the microorganism is isolated from normal sterile body sites, such as the blood or the cerebrospinal fluid. Non-invasive PD can principally be divided into sinusitis, acute otitis media, and community-acquired pneumonia. S. pneumoniae remains the most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia. The invasive PD burden is mainly determined by pneumococcal meningitis, bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia, and pneumococcal bacteremia without a primary focus. Incidence and mortality rates of both non-invasive and invasive disease have changed as a result of pneumococcal vaccination in children. However, especially elderly patients with comorbidities remain vulnerable to morbidity and mortality caused by PD.

References:

[1]. Charles Feldman, et al. Recent advances in our understanding of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. F1000Prime Rep. 2014 Sep 4;6:82. [Content Brief]

[2]. J J C Drijkoningen, et al. Pneumococcal infection in adults: burden of disease. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014 May;20 Suppl 5:45-51. [Content Brief]

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