Modern tattoos cause high concentrations of hazardous pigments in skin

Background: Modern tattoo colourants frequently consist of azo Pigments that not only contain multiple impurities but also are originally produced for car paint and the dyeing of consumer goods.

Objective: In order to be able to assess the health risk of tattoos, it is important to determine the pigment concentration in human skin.

Methods: We tattooed excised pigskin and human skin with a common tattoo pigment (Pigment Red 22) under various conditions. After tattooing, we quantitatively extracted the pigment in order to determine the pigment concentration in skin.

Results: The concentration of Pigments ranged from about 0.60 to 9.42 mg/cm(2) of tattooed skin (mean value 2.53 mg/cm(2)) depending upon the size of the pigment crystals, the pigment concentration applied to the skin surface, and the respective procedure of tattooing.

Conclusion: In conclusion, high concentrations of colourants are injected into the skin during tattooing and based upon this quantification, a risk assessment of tattooing ought to be carried out.