2. Academic Validation
  3. Small-molecule RORγt antagonists inhibit T helper 17 cell transcriptional network by divergent mechanisms

Small-molecule RORγt antagonists inhibit T helper 17 cell transcriptional network by divergent mechanisms

  • Immunity. 2014 Apr 17;40(4):477-89. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.04.004.
Sheng Xiao 1,  Nir Yosef 2,  Jianfei Yang 3,  Yonghui Wang 4,  Ling Zhou 4,  Chen Zhu 1,  Chuan Wu 1,  Erkan Baloglu 3,  Darby Schmidt 3,  Radha Ramesh 3,  Mercedes Lobera 3,  Mark S Sundrud 3,  Pei-Yun Tsai 5,  Zhijun Xiang 4,  Jinsong Wang 4,  Yan Xu 4,  Xichen Lin 4,  Karsten Kretschmer 5,  Peter B Rahl 6,  Richard A Young 7,  Zhong Zhong 4,  David A Hafler 8,  Aviv Regev 9,  Shomir Ghosh 3,  Alexander Marson 10,  Vijay K Kuchroo 11
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
  • 2 Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
  • 3 Tempero Pharmaceuticals (a GlaxoSmithKline company), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
  • 4 GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Center, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China.
  • 5 Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immune Regulation, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
  • 6 Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
  • 7 Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
  • 8 Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
  • 9 Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
  • 10 Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Electronic address: alexander.marson@ucsf.edu.
  • 11 Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: vkuchroo@rics.bwh.harvard.edu.
PMID: 24745332 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.04.004
Abstract

We identified three retinoid-related Orphan Receptor gamma t (RORγt)-specific inhibitors that suppress T helper 17 (Th17) cell responses, including Th17-cell-mediated autoimmune disease. We systemically characterized RORγt binding in the presence and absence of drugs with corresponding whole-genome transcriptome Sequencing. RORγt acts as a direct activator of Th17 cell signature genes and a direct repressor of signature genes from Other T cell lineages; its strongest transcriptional effects are on cis-regulatory sites containing the RORα binding motif. RORγt is central in a densely interconnected regulatory network that shapes the balance of T cell differentiation. Here, the three inhibitors modulated the RORγt-dependent transcriptional network to varying extents and through distinct mechanisms. Whereas one inhibitor displaced RORγt from its target loci, the Other two inhibitors affected transcription predominantly without removing DNA binding. Our work illustrates the power of a system-scale analysis of transcriptional regulation to characterize potential therapeutic compounds that inhibit pathogenic Th17 cells and suppress autoimmunity.

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