Family-wide analysis of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity

Nat Commun. 2014 Jul 21;5:4426. doi: 10.1038/ncomms5426.

Sejal Vyas ^# ¹ ², Ivan Matic ^# ³, Lilen Uchima ¹ ², Jenny Rood ¹ ², Roko Zaja ⁴ ⁵, Ronald T Hay ³, Ivan Ahel ⁴, Paul Chang ¹ ²

Affiliations

1 Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
2 Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
3 Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
4 Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK.
5 Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb 10002, Croatia.
# Contributed equally.

PMID: 25043379 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5426

Abstract

The poly(adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein family generates ADP-ribose (ADPr) modifications onto target proteins using NAD(+) as substrate. Based on the composition of three NAD(+) coordinating Amino acids, the H-Y-E motif, each PARP is predicted to generate either poly(ADPr) (PAR) or mono(ADPr) (MAR). However, the reaction product of each PARP has not been clearly defined, and is an important priority since PAR and MAR function via distinct mechanisms. Here we show that the majority of PARPs generate MAR, not PAR, and demonstrate that the H-Y-E motif is not the sole indicator of PARP activity. We identify automodification sites on seven PARPs, and demonstrate that MAR and PAR generating PARPs modify similar Amino acids, suggesting that the sequence and structural constraints limiting PARPs to MAR synthesis do not limit their ability to modify canonical amino-acid targets. In addition, we identify cysteine as a novel amino-acid target for ADP-ribosylation on PARPs.

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