2. Academic Validation
  3. Synchronized renal tubular cell death involves ferroptosis

Synchronized renal tubular cell death involves ferroptosis

  • Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Nov 25;111(47):16836-41. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1415518111.
Andreas Linkermann 1,  Rachid Skouta 2,  Nina Himmerkus 3,  Shrikant R Mulay 4,  Christin Dewitz 5,  Federica De Zen 5,  Agnes Prokai 6,  Gabriele Zuchtriegel 7,  Fritz Krombach 7,  Patrick-Simon Welz 8,  Ricardo Weinlich 9,  Tom Vanden Berghe 10,  Peter Vandenabeele 10,  Manolis Pasparakis 11,  Markus Bleich 3,  Joel M Weinberg 12,  Christoph A Reichel 7,  Jan Hinrich Bräsen 13,  Ulrich Kunzendorf 5,  Hans-Joachim Anders 4,  Brent R Stockwell 14,  Douglas R Green 9,  Stefan Krautwald 1
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; andreas.linkermann@uksh.de krautwald@nephro.uni-kiel.de.
  • 2 Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902;
  • 3 Department of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany;
  • 4 Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80366 Munich, Germany;
  • 5 Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
  • 6 First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary;
  • 7 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81366 Munich, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81366 Munich, Germany;
  • 8 Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
  • 9 Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678;
  • 10 Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Inflammation Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Methusalem Program, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
  • 11 Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
  • 12 Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, VA Healthcare System and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5676;
  • 13 Department of Pathology, University of Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
  • 14 Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027; Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027; and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10027.
PMID: 25385600 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1415518111
Abstract

Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)-mediated Necroptosis is thought to be the pathophysiologically predominant pathway that leads to regulated necrosis of parenchymal cells in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), and loss of either Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) or Caspase-8 is known to sensitize tissues to undergo spontaneous Necroptosis. Here, we demonstrate that renal tubules do not undergo sensitization to Necroptosis upon genetic ablation of either FADD or Caspase-8 and that the RIPK1 Inhibitor necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) does not protect freshly isolated tubules from hypoxic injury. In contrast, iron-dependent Ferroptosis directly causes synchronized necrosis of renal tubules, as demonstrated by intravital microscopy in models of IRI and oxalate crystal-induced acute kidney injury. To suppress Ferroptosis in vivo, we generated a novel third-generation ferrostatin (termed 16-86), which we demonstrate to be more stable, to metabolism and plasma, and more potent, compared with the first-in-class compound ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). Even in conditions with extraordinarily severe IRI, 16-86 exerts strong protection to an extent which has not previously allowed survival in any murine setting. In addition, 16-86 further potentiates the strong protective effect on IRI mediated by combination therapy with necrostatins and compounds that inhibit mitochondrial permeability transition. Renal tubules thus represent a tissue that is not sensitized to Necroptosis by loss of FADD or Caspase-8. Finally, Ferroptosis mediates postischemic and toxic renal necrosis, which may be therapeutically targeted by ferrostatins and by combination therapy.

Keywords

apoptosis; ferroptosis; necroptosis; programmed cell death; regulated cell death.

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