Metabolic profile of anhydrosafflor yellow B in rats by ultra-fast liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Anhydrosafflor yellow B (AHSYB) is one of the major active water-soluble Pigments from Carthamus tinctorius, which has been found to inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation and possess significant antioxidant activity. However, the metabolic fate of AHSYB in vivo remains unknown. In order to explore whether AHSYB is extensively metabolized, the metabolites of AHSYB in plasma, urine, bile, and feces samples after intravenous administration to the rats were investigated by ultra-fast liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UFLC/Qq-TOF-MS/MS) combined with Metabolitepilot™ software. In total, AHSYB and 22 metabolites including both phase I and phase II metabolism processes were found and tentatively identified from the bio-samples. The metabolic pathways were involved in oxidation, reduction, hydroxylation, methylation, dimethylation, O-acetylation, hydrolyzation, sulfation, glucuronidaton, glutathionation and combination with glucose. The results showed that the renal and biliary routes play an important role in the clearance and excretion of AHSYB as well as hepatocyte metabolism. All of these results were reported for the first time and would contribute to a further understanding of the in vivo intermediated processes and metabolic mechanism of AHSYB and its analogs.