1. Academic Validation
  2. Decomposition of 3,5-dinitrobenzamide in aqueous solution during UV/H2O2 and UV/TiO2 oxidation processes

Decomposition of 3,5-dinitrobenzamide in aqueous solution during UV/H2O2 and UV/TiO2 oxidation processes

  • Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Feb;24(6):5360-5369. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-8245-1.
Yingjie Yan 1 Qi-Nan Liao 2 Feng Ji 3 Wei Wang 1 Shoujun Yuan 1 Zhen-Hu Hu 4
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
  • 2 Chongqing Electric Power Design Institute, State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Company, Chongqing, 401121, China.
  • 3 Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China. jifengji@sina.com.cn.
  • 4 School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China. zhhu@hfut.edu.cn.
Abstract

3,5-Dinitrobenzamide has been widely used as a feed additive to control coccidiosis in poultry, and part of the added 3,5-dinitrobenzamide is excreted into wastewater and surface water. The removal of 3,5-dinitrobenzamide from wastewater and surface water has not been reported in previous studies. Highly reactive hydroxyl radicals from UV/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and UV/titanium dioxide (TiO2) advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) can decompose organic contaminants efficiently. In this study, the decomposition of 3,5-dinitrobenzamide in aqueous solution during UV/H2O2 and UV/TiO2 oxidation processes was investigated. The decomposition of 3,5-dinitrobenzamide fits well with a fluence-based pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The decomposition in both two oxidation processes was affected by solution pH, and was inhibited under alkaline conditions. Inorganic anions such as NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, and CO32- inhibited the degradation of 3,5-dinitrobenzamide during the UV/H2O2 and UV/TiO2 oxidation processes. After complete decomposition in both oxidation processes, approximately 50% of 3,5-dinitrobenzamide was decomposed into organic intermediates, and the rest was mineralized to CO2, H2O, and other inorganic anions. Ions such as NH4+, NO3-, and NO2- were released into aqueous solution during the degradation. The primary decomposition products of 3,5-dinitrobenzamide were identified using time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF). Based on these products and ions release, a possible decomposition pathway of 3,5-dinitrobenzamide in both UV/H2O2 and UV/TiO2 processes was proposed.

Keywords

3,5-Dinitrobenzamide; Decomposition; Pathway; UV/H2O2 oxidation; UV/TiO2 oxidation.

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