2. Academic Validation
  3. Advances in Saponin Diversity of Panax ginseng

Advances in Saponin Diversity of Panax ginseng

  • Molecules. 2020 Jul 29;25(15):3452. doi: 10.3390/molecules25153452.
Xiangmin Piao 1 2,  Hao Zhang 1 2,  Jong Pyo Kang 3,  Dong Uk Yang 3,  Yali Li 2,  Shifeng Pang 2,  Yinping Jin 2,  Deok Chun Yang 3,  Yingping Wang 1
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China.
  • 2 Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
  • 3 Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Korea.
PMID: 32751233 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153452
Abstract

Ginsenosides are the major bioactive constituents of Panax ginseng, which have pharmacological effects. Although there are several reviews in regards to ginsenosides, new ginsenosides have been detected continually in recent years. This review updates the ginsenoside list from P. ginseng to 170 by the end of 2019, and aims to highlight the diversity of ginsenosides in multiple dimensions, including chemical structure, tissue spatial distribution, time, and isomeride. Protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol and C17 side-chain varied (C17SCV) manners are the major types of ginsenosides, and the constitute of ginsenosides varied significantly among different parts. Only 16 ginsenosides commonly exist in all parts of a ginseng plant. Protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside is dominant in root, rhizome, leaf, stem, and fruit, whereas malonyl- and C17SCV-type ginsenosides occupy a greater proportion in the flower and flower bud compared with other parts. In respects of isomeride, there are 69 molecular formulas corresponding to 170 ginsenosides, and the median of isomers is 2. This is the first review on diversity of ginsenosides, providing information for reasonable utilization of whole ginseng plant, and the perspective on studying the physiological functions of ginsenoside for the ginseng plant itself is also proposed.

Keywords

Panax ginseng; chemical structure; ginsenoside; tissue spatial distribution.

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