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  3. Prohexadione-calcium alleviates saline-alkali stress in soybean seedlings by improving the photosynthesis and up-regulating antioxidant defense

Prohexadione-calcium alleviates saline-alkali stress in soybean seedlings by improving the photosynthesis and up-regulating antioxidant defense

  • Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Sep 1;220:112369. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112369.
Naijie Feng 1,  Minglong Yu 2,  Yao Li 2,  Dan Jin 2,  Dianfeng Zheng 3
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China; Agricultural College of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518108, China.
  • 2 College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China; Agricultural College of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, China.
  • 3 College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China; Agricultural College of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518108, China. Electronic address: zdffnj@263.net.
PMID: 34090109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112369
Abstract

Soil salinization seriously restricts the growth and yield of soybeans. However, little information is available on the early growth stages of soybeans which are subjected to the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor, prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca). This study aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous Pro-Ca on saline-alkali stress-induced damages to photosynthesis and antioxidant defenses in soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings. At the V3 growth stage, salt-tolerant genotype Hefeng 50 (HF50) and salt-sensitive genotype Kenfeng 16 (KF16) were subjected to 110 mmol L-1 mixed saline-alkali stress respectively, and then 100 mg L-1 Pro-Ca was sprayed on the leaves. Our results showed that saline-alkali stress accelerated the degradation of thylakoids, inhibited chlorophyll synthesis, reduced shoot dry weight, electron transfer rate (ETR), and peroxidase (POD) activity, the concentration of ascorbic acid (AsA) and soluble sugar, but enhanced the concentration of proline, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the rate of superoxide radical (O2∙-) generation. Additionally, saline-alkali stress induced a lower decrease of the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), potential activity of PSII (Fv/F0), and maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) in salt-tolerant HF50 than in salt-sensitive KF16. Nevertheless, foliar spraying of exogenous Pro-Ca increased the chlorophyll content, Pn, Fv/F0, and Fv/Fm. These results were more prominent when Pro-Ca was applied to KF16 under saline-alkali conditions. Furthermore, exogenous application of Pro-Ca retarded the degradation of thylakoids, increased the ETR and the accumulation of AsA, soluble sugar, and proline, activated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and POD, and decreased the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), O2∙-, and H2O2. These results indicated that Pro-Ca could effectively protect soybean seedlings against damage from saline-alkali stress by regulating seedling phenotype, photosynthetic apparatus, antioxidant defense, and osmoregulation.

Keywords

Antioxidant defense; Photosynthesis; Prohexadione-calcium; Saline-alkali stress; Soybean.

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