Exploring ND-011992, a quinazoline-type inhibitor targeting quinone reductases and quinol oxidases

Bacterial energy metabolism has become a promising target for next-generation tuberculosis chemotherapy. One strategy to hamper ATP production is to inhibit the respiratory oxidases. The respiratory chain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis comprises a cytochrome bcc:aa₃ and a cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase that require a combined approach to block their activity. A quinazoline-type compound called ND-011992 has previously been reported to ineffectively inhibit bd oxidases, but to act bactericidal in combination with inhibitors of cytochrome bcc:aa₃ oxidase. Due to the structural similarity of ND-011992 to quinazoline-type inhibitors of respiratory complex I, we suspected that this compound is also capable of blocking other respiratory chain complexes. Here, we synthesized ND-011992 and a bromine derivative to study their effect on the respiratory chain complexes of Escherichia coli. And indeed, ND-011992 was found to inhibit respiratory complex I and bo₃ oxidase in addition to bd-I and bd-II oxidases. The IC₅₀ values are all in the low micromolar range, with inhibition of complex I providing the lowest value with an IC₅₀ of 0.12 µM. Thus, ND-011992 acts on both, quinone reductases and quinol oxidases and could be very well suited to regulate the activity of the entire respiratory chain.