Exendin-4 promotes ischemia-reperfusion flap survival by upregulating Gpx4 to inhibit ferroptosis

Background: Effective drugs for preventing or treating skin FLAP necrosis remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the potential protective effect of exendin-4 against skin FLAP ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) through the inhibition of Ferroptosis.

Method: A rat abdomen was constructed with an island skin FLAP, and the superficial vascular pedicle of the abdominal wall was closed using a vascular clamp, which was removed after 8 h. Before surgery, RSL3 and ferrostatin-1 solutions were intraperitoneally injected. After the surgery, subcutaneous injections of exendin-4 were administered daily. The number of inflammatory cells, mean vascular density, collagen fiber content, and Apoptosis and Ferroptosis indicators were quantified 24 h after reperfusion. Survival, contraction rate, and blood perfusion of the skin FLAP were evaluated on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after reperfusion.

Results: The FLAP survival rate was significantly higher in the exendin-4 group than that in the injury group, whereas the contraction rate was lower. Compared with the injury group, the exendin-4 group showed less inflammatory cell infiltration, higher vascular density, and less collagen fiber loss. At the molecular level, the exendin-4 group demonstrated opposite or elevated expression of Apoptosis and Ferroptosis indicators than those in the injury group, with significantly increased Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (Gpx4). Ferroptosis inhibitors and agonists enhanced and reversed the protective effects of exendin-4, respectively.

Conclusion: Exendin-4 alleviates skin FLAP IRI by upregulating Gpx4 expression to inhibit Ferroptosis. Therefore, exendin-4 may serve as a novel clinical treatment for skin FLAP IRI.

Apoptosis; Exendin-4; Ferroptosis; Ischemia-reperfusion injury; Skin flap.