2. Academic Validation
  3. Inhibition of Glutamate-to-Glutathione Flux Promotes Tumor Antigen Presentation in Colorectal Cancer Cells

Inhibition of Glutamate-to-Glutathione Flux Promotes Tumor Antigen Presentation in Colorectal Cancer Cells

  • Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Oct 31:e2310308. doi: 10.1002/advs.202310308.
Tao Yu 1 2,  Kevin Van der Jeught 1,  Haiqi Zhu 3 4,  Zhuolong Zhou 1,  Samantha Sharma 1,  Sheng Liu 1 2 3,  Haniyeh Eyvani 1,  Ka Man So 1 3,  Naresh Singh 1,  Jia Wang 3 4,  George E Sandusky 5,  Yunlong Liu 1 2 3 4,  Mateusz Opyrchal 2 6,  Sha Cao 2 3 7,  Jun Wan 1 2 3,  Chi Zhang 1 2 3 8,  Xinna Zhang 1 2
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
  • 2 Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
  • 3 Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
  • 4 Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
  • 5 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
  • 6 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
  • 7 Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
  • 8 Department of Biomedical Engineering and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
PMID: 39482885 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310308
Abstract

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) cells display remarkable adaptability, orchestrating metabolic changes that confer growth advantages, pro-tumor microenvironment, and therapeutic resistance. One such metabolic change occurs in glutamine metabolism. Colorectal tumors with high Glutaminase (GLS) expression exhibited reduced T cell infiltration and cytotoxicity, leading to poor clinical outcomes. However, depletion of GLS in CRC cells has minimal effect on tumor growth in immunocompromised mice. By contrast, remarkable inhibition of tumor growth is observed in immunocompetent mice when GLS is knocked down. It is found that GLS knockdown in CRC cells enhanced the cytotoxicity of tumor-specific T cells. Furthermore, the single-cell flux estimation analysis (scFEA) of glutamine metabolism revealed that glutamate-to-glutathione (Glu-GSH) flux, downstream of GLS, rather than Glu-to-2-oxoglutarate flux plays a key role in regulating the immune response of CRC cells in the tumor. Mechanistically, inhibition of the Glu-GSH flux activated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-related signaling pathways in tumor cells, thereby increasing the tumor immunogenicity by promoting the activity of the immunoproteasome. The combinatorial therapy of Glu-GSH flux inhibitor and anti-PD-1 antibody exhibited a superior tumor growth inhibitory effect compared to either monotherapy. Taken together, the study provides the first evidence pointing to Glu-GSH flux as a potential therapeutic target for CRC immunotherapy.

Keywords

MHC‐I antigen presentation; colorectal cancer; glutamine metabolism; immune checkpoint blockade; immunoproteasome; single‐cell flux estimation analysis.

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