TNF-beta/TNFSF1 Protein, Human

TNF-β (tumor necrosis factor β) also called lymphotoxin-α (LT-α), a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, is a cytokine produced by lymphocytes. TNF-β activates the NF-κB signaling pathway, inducing cancer cell proliferation, invasion^[1][2]. TNF-β up-regulates genes connected with metastasis, promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition, stimulates its own expression^[3]. TNF-β mediates a large variety of inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and antiviral responses. TNF-beta/TNFSF1 Protein, Human is a recombinant protein consisting of 158 amino acids (L35-L205) and is produced in E. coli.

TNF-β is expressed by a variety of cells, including T cells, B cells and natural killer (NK) cells^[1].
The amino acid sequence of human TNF beta protein has low homology between mouse and rat TNF alpha protein. While, rat TNF alpha shares 95.54% aa sequence identity with mouse TNF alpha protein.
TNF-β can be secreted and binds with high affinity to TNF receptors 1 and 2 (TNFR-1 and TNFR-2), and it is transiently expressed on the cell surfaces of activated B and T cells, where it forms a complex with LT-β as an LTα1β2 heterotrimer, activates NF-kB, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways and induces cancer cells proliferation, invasion^[1].
TNF-β is translated as a 25 kDa glycosylated polypeptide with 171 amino acid residues. TNF-β up-regulates of NF-κB signaling and activates of pro-inflammatory activity^[1].TNF-β induces tumor cells proliferation, migration and increases the expression of p-p65, p-IkBα in a dose dependent manner^[2].

TNF-β (human) (1, 10 ng/mL; 12 h; primary human chondrocytes) induces TNF-β and TNF-β-R expression on surface of chondrocytes and enhances adhesiveness to T lymphocytes when cocultured with T lymphocytes (Jurkat cells) for 4 h^[1].
TNF-β (human) (1, 5, 10 ng/mL; 24 h) markedly stimulates HCT116 proliferation and migration in a dose dependent manner, and increases the expression of p-p65, p-IkBα in HCT116 cells in a dose dependent manner^[2].

The ED₅₀ is <80 pg/mL as measured by L-929 mouse fibrosarcoma cells in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D, corresponding to a specific activity of >1.25 × 10⁷ units/mg.

Human

E. coli

Tag Free

P01374 (L35-L205)

4049  [NCBI]

LPGVGLTPSAAQTARQHPKMHLAHSTLKPAAHLIGDPSKQNSLLWRANTDRAFLQDGFSLSNNSLLVPTSGIYFVYSQVVFSGKAYSPKATSSPLYLAHEVQLFSSQYPFHVPLLSSQKMVYPGLQEPWLHSMYHGAAFQLTQGDQLSTHTDGIPHLVLSPSTVFFGAFAL

16-19 kDa

Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Lyophilized powder.

Lyophilized after extensive dialysis against PBS.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Stored at -20°C for 2 years. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. Buhrmann C, et al. Evidence that TNF-β (lymphotoxin α) can activate the inflammatory environment in human chondrocytes. Arthritis Res Ther. 2013;15(6):R202.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Buhrmann C, et al. Evidence that TNF-β induces proliferation in colorectal cancer cells and resveratrol can down-modulate it. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2019 Jan;244(1):1-12.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Buhrmann C, et al. Evidence That Calebin A, a Component of Curcuma Longa Suppresses NF-B Mediated Proliferation, Invasion and Metastasis of Human Colorectal Cancer Induced by TNF-β (Lymphotoxin). Nutrients. 2019 Dec 1;11(12):2904.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. L. Kapas, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-beta induces sleep, fever, and anorexia. Copyright & Permissions. 1992, 703-707.