Biliverdin dihydrochloride 

Biliverdin dihydrochloride, a tetrapyrrolic pigment, is a product of heme catabolism. Heme is broken down into Biliverdin dihydrochloride and carbon monoxide and iron by heme oxidase. Biliverdin dihydrochloride is then quickly broken down to bilirubin by Biliverdin hydrochloride reductase. Biliverdin hydrochloride is anti-mutagenic, an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressant^[1].

Biliverdin dihydrochloride is considered a waste product of heme degradation. When red blood cells lyse, either due to hemolytic diseases or by natural apoptosis, heme get released. The heme is metabolized by heme oxygenase using three molecules of oxygen and seven electrons and producing Biliverdin IX-alpha, carbon monoxide, and ferrous iron. The Biliverdin IX-alpha undergoes metabolism to bilirubin IX-alpha via NADPH-dependent Biliverdin reductase^[1].
The buildup of Biliverdin dihydrochloride has been shown to upregulate the activity of Biliverdin reductase, an enzyme that is a regulator of the innate immune system^[1].
Biliverdin dihydrochloride downregulates the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and demonstrate an antioxidant effect in the damaged blood vessels. This decreases the formation of the tunica intima of blood vessels and blocks neovascularization and angiogenesis^[1].
Biliverdin dihydrochloride decreases inflammation by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TLR-4 and by stimulating the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10^[1].
Biliverdin dihydrochloride is a scavenger of hydroxyl peroxide groups showing the antioxidant effects of Biliverdin dihydrochloride^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Biliverdin dihydrochloride significant decreases the intimal hyperplasia following balloon angioplasty and vascular grafting in rats^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

655.57

C₃₃H₃₆Cl₂N₄O₆

55482-27-4

OC(CCC(C(C)=C(N1)/C=C2C(C=C)=C(C(N/2)=O)C)=C1/C=C3C(CCC(O)=O)=C(C(/C=C4C(C)=C(C(N/4)=O)C=C)=N/3)C)=O.Cl.Cl

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.

• [1]. McDonnell MC, et al. Biochemistry, Biliverdin. 2023 May 1. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan.  [Content Brief]