Actin-related protein 3

Definition:

ATP-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates actin polymerization upon stimulation by nucleation-promoting factor (NPF). The Arp2/3 complex mediates the formation of branched actin networks in the cytoplasm, providing the force for cell motility. Seems to contact the pointed end of the daughter actin filament. In podocytes, required for the formation of lamellipodia downstream of AVIL and PLCE1 regulation. In addition to its role in the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, the Arp2/3 complex also promotes actin polymerization in the nucleus, thereby regulating gene transcription and repair of damaged DNA. The Arp2/3 complex promotes homologous recombination (HR) repair in response to DNA damage by promoting nuclear actin polymerization, leading to drive motility of double-strand breaks (DSBs). Plays a role in ciliogenesis.

References:

[1]. Joon Kim, et al. Functional genomic screen for modulators of ciliogenesis and cilium length. Nature. 2010 Apr 15;464(7291):1048-51. [Content Brief]

[2]. Benjamin R Schrank, et al. Nuclear ARP2/3 drives DNA break clustering for homology-directed repair. Nature. 2018 Jul;559(7712):61-66. [Content Brief]

[3]. Jia Rao, et al. Advillin acts upstream of phospholipase C ϵ1 in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. J Clin Invest. 2017 Dec 1;127(12):4257-4269. [Content Brief]

[4]. M D Welch, et al. Actin polymerization is induced by Arp2/3 protein complex at the surface of Listeria monocytogenes. Nature. 1997 Jan 16;385(6613):265-9. [Content Brief]

[5]. Youngdong Yoo, et al. A novel role of the actin-nucleating Arp2/3 complex in the regulation of RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. J Biol Chem. 2007 Mar 9;282(10):7616-23. [Content Brief]

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