Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3

Definition:

Catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain primary alcohols and the oxidation of S-(hydroxymethyl) glutathione. Also oxidizes long chain omega-hydroxy fatty acids, such as 20-HETE, producing both the intermediate aldehyde, 20-oxoarachidonate and the end product, a dicarboxylic acid, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenedioate. Class-III ADH is remarkably ineffective in oxidizing ethanol. Required for clearance of cellular formaldehyde, a cytotoxic and carcinogenic metabolite that induces DNA damage.

References:

[1]. Yasuyoshi Oka, et al. Digenic mutations in ALDH2 and ADH5 impair formaldehyde clearance and cause a multisystem disorder, AMeD syndrome. Sci Adv. 2020 Dec 18;6(51):eabd7197. [Content Brief]

[2]. Xixuan H Collins, et al. Omega-oxidation of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in cerebral microvascular smooth muscle and endothelium by alcohol dehydrogenase 4. J Biol Chem. 2005 Sep 30;280(39):33157-64. [Content Brief]

[3]. K Engeland, et al. Mutation of Arg-115 of human class III alcohol dehydrogenase: a binding site required for formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity and fatty acid activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Mar 15;90(6):2491-4. [Content Brief]

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