ATP-dependent DNA/RNA helicase DHX36

Definition:

Multifunctional ATP-dependent helicase that unwinds G-quadruplex (G4) structures. Plays a role in many biological processes such as genomic integrity, gene expression regulations and as a sensor to initiate antiviral responses. G4 structures correspond to helical structures containing guanine tetrads (By similarity). Binds with high affinity to and unwinds G4 structures that are formed in nucleic acids (G4-ADN and G4-RNA). Plays a role in genomic integrity. Converts the G4-RNA structure present in telomerase RNA template component (TREC) into a double-stranded RNA to promote P1 helix formation that acts as a template boundary ensuring accurate reverse transcription. Plays a role in transcriptional regulation. Resolves G4-DNA structures in promoters of genes, such as YY1, KIT/c-kit and ALPL and positively regulates their expression. Plays a role in post-transcriptional regulation. Unwinds a G4-RNA structure located in the 3'-UTR polyadenylation site of the pre-mRNA TP53 and stimulates TP53 pre-mRNA 3'-end processing in response to ultraviolet (UV)-induced DNA damage. Binds to the precursor-microRNA-134 (pre-miR-134) terminal loop and regulates its transport into the synapto-dendritic compartment (By similarity). Involved in the pre-miR-134-dependent inhibition of target gene expression and the control of dendritic spine size (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA translation and mRNA stability. Binds to both G4-RNA structures and alternative non-quadruplex-forming sequence within the 3'-UTR of the PITX1 mRNA regulating negatively PITX1 protein expression. Binds to both G4-RNA structure in the 5'-UTR and AU-rich elements (AREs) localized in the 3'-UTR of NKX2-5 mRNA to either stimulate protein translation or induce mRNA decay in an ELAVL1-dependent manner, respectively. Binds also to ARE sequences present in several mRNAs mediating exosome-mediated 3'-5' mRNA degradation. Involved in cytoplasmic urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) mRNA decay. Component of a multi-helicase-TICAM1 complex that acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and plays a role in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines via the adapter molecule TICAM1 (By similarity). Required for early embryonic development and hematopoiesis. Involved in the regulation of cardioblast differentiation and proliferation during heart development. Involved in spermatogonia differentiation. May play a role in ossification (By similarity).

References:

[1]. Steven D Creacy, et al. G4 resolvase 1 binds both DNA and RNA tetramolecular quadruplex with high affinity and is the major source of tetramolecular quadruplex G4-DNA and G4-RNA resolving activity in HeLa cell lysates. J Biol Chem. 2008 Dec 12;283(50):34626-34. [Content Brief]

[2]. Junwei Nie, et al. Post-transcriptional Regulation of Nkx2-5 by RHAU in Heart Development. Cell Rep. 2015 Oct 27;13(4):723-732. [Content Brief]

[3]. Banabihari Giri, et al. G4 resolvase 1 tightly binds and unwinds unimolecular G4-DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Sep 1;39(16):7161-78. [Content Brief]

[4]. Hoanh Tran, et al. Facilitation of mRNA deadenylation and decay by the exosome-bound, DExH protein RHAU. Mol Cell. 2004 Jan 16;13(1):101-11. [Content Brief]

[5]. Evan P Booy, et al. The RNA helicase RHAU (DHX36) suppresses expression of the transcription factor PITX1. Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Mar;42(5):3346-61. [Content Brief]

[6]. Evan P Booy, et al. Biochemical characterization of G4 quadruplex telomerase RNA unwinding by the RNA helicase RHAU. Methods Mol Biol. 2015;1259:125-35. [Content Brief]

[7]. Katerina Chalupníková, et al. Recruitment of the RNA helicase RHAU to stress granules via a unique RNA-binding domain. J Biol Chem. 2008 Dec 12;283(50):35186-98. [Content Brief]

[8]. Fumiko Iwamoto, et al. Transcription-dependent nucleolar cap localization and possible nuclear function of DExH RNA helicase RHAU. Exp Cell Res. 2008 Apr 1;314(6):1378-91. [Content Brief]

[9]. Markus Meier, et al. Binding of G-quadruplexes to the N-terminal recognition domain of the RNA helicase associated with AU-rich element (RHAU). J Biol Chem. 2013 Dec 6;288(49):35014-27. [Content Brief]

[10]. Michelle Newman, et al. The G-Quadruplex-Specific RNA Helicase DHX36 Regulates p53 Pre-mRNA 3'-End Processing Following UV-Induced DNA Damage. J Mol Biol. 2017 Oct 27;429(21):3121-3131. [Content Brief]

[11]. Weiwei Huang, et al. Yin Yang 1 contains G-quadruplex structures in its promoter and 5'-UTR and its expression is modulated by G4 resolvase 1. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 Feb;40(3):1033-49. [Content Brief]

[12]. Simon Lattmann, et al. The DEAH-box RNA helicase RHAU binds an intramolecular RNA G-quadruplex in TERC and associates with telomerase holoenzyme. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Nov;39(21):9390-404. [Content Brief]

[13]. E P Booy, et al. The RNA helicase RHAU (DHX36) unwinds a G4-quadruplex in human telomerase RNA and promotes the formation of the P1 helix template boundary. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 May;40(9):4110-24. [Content Brief]

[14]. Brahim Heddi, et al. Insights into G-quadruplex specific recognition by the DEAH-box helicase RHAU: Solution structure of a peptide-quadruplex complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Aug 4;112(31):9608-13. [Content Brief]

[15]. James P Vaughn, et al. The DEXH protein product of the DHX36 gene is the major source of tetramolecular quadruplex G4-DNA resolving activity in HeLa cell lysates. J Biol Chem. 2005 Nov 18;280(46):38117-20. [Content Brief]

[16]. Simon Lattmann, et al. Role of the amino terminal RHAU-specific motif in the recognition and resolution of guanine quadruplex-RNA by the DEAH-box RNA helicase RHAU. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Oct;38(18):6219-33. [Content Brief]

[17]. Alec N Sexton, et al. The 5' guanosine tracts of human telomerase RNA are recognized by the G-quadruplex binding domain of the RNA helicase DHX36 and function to increase RNA accumulation. Mol Cell Biol. 2011 Feb;31(4):736-43. [Content Brief]

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