Auriculocondylar syndrome

Definition:

Auriculocondylar syndrome (ACS) is a rare craniofacial malformation syndrome characterized by mandibular hypoplasia and question-mark ears (QME). QMEs, consisting of a specific defect at the lobe-helix junction, can also occur as an isolated anomaly. Studies have indicated the essential role of endothelin 1 (EDN1) signaling through the endothelin receptor type A (EDNRA) in patterning the mandibular portion of the first pharyngeal arch. Mutations in the PLCB4 and GNAI3, predicted to function as signal transducers downstream of EDNRA, have recently been reported in ACS.

References:

[1]. Christopher T Gordon, et al. Mutations in endothelin 1 cause recessive auriculocondylar syndrome and dominant isolated question-mark ears. Am J Hum Genet. 2013 Dec 5;93(6):1118-25. [Content Brief]

[2]. Mark J Rieder, et al. A human homeotic transformation resulting from mutations in PLCB4 and GNAI3 causes auriculocondylar syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 2012 May 4;90(5):907-14. [Content Brief]

[3]. Vered Shkalim, et al. Autosomal dominant isolated question mark ear. Am J Med Genet A. 2008 Sep 1;146A(17):2280-3. [Content Brief]

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